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2달 전부터 이 사이트를 알게 되어 정말로 유용하게 이용하고 있습니다.
많은 정보를 얻게 되어 도움이 많이 되고 있습니다. 항상 먼 타지에서
수고하십니다.
저는 직장인으로서 영어를 항상 이용하려고 노력합니다. 외국 바이어도
만나야 하고요.
질문은 두가지 입니다.
1) AP 5분 뉴스를 매월 받아쓰고 있는데 받아쓰기에 대한 조언을
부탁드립니다.
2) 영화 Beauty and the Beast를 비디오를 녹화하고 이것을 다시 오디오로
녹음하여 대본과 함께 공부를 하고 있는데 영화로 공부하는 것은 어떤지요?
바쁘실 텐데 좋은 조언 부탁드립니다. 수고하세요.
Dear ldw,
In studying English, one should have a clear goal of what skills one already possesses and what skills one needs to improve. This will help one
design an effective course of study. Thus without knowing your current
level of English ability and what goals you aim to achieve through your
methods of English study, YESusa can only provide some general advice.
1. Taking dictation requires acute listening comprehension skills. When taking dictation, it may be useful to listen three times to the dictation. The
first time, simply listen. The second time, write down what you hear. The
third time, go over what you wrote and make corrections.
It may also be useful to practice listening comprehension only. This can be
done on your own by listening to English language broadcasts or tapes, or
by studying with listening comprehension books suited to your level of
ability. The new "Choi Rakjoon TOEIC" published by Academy has an excellent
and comprehensive program of listening comprehension exercises.
2. Close study of movies and their scripts are not likely to reward the effort with commensurate gain. It may be more effective to watch a variety of
movies and pay attention to unfamiliar words or expressions. These can then
be studied, memorized and used in your own conversation and writing as
appropriate.
For the very advanced student of English, however, close study of a movie
may be helpful in clarifying listening skills and enlarging vocabulary.
Sincerely,
YESusa
     
Dear YESusa,
I happened to find your website about a week ago and have been learning a lot from your services. I am very impressed and grateful for your excellent services to all learning English.
My name is Peter. I go to the University in Canada majoring in Economics.
I have been striving for learning English, especially the writing skills
mostly required for my study, ever since I came to Canada.
It seems that grasping various English expressions are not only
time-taking but also pain-taking job. The method I am using to enrich my
English expressions is that I read a daily newspaper regularly and try to
summarize in my own words a short column in the newspaper at least once a
week. The thing is, however, though I have some friends in my class, I don't want
to bother them regularly with my own problem.
Is it possible to ask you for proofreading my writings from time
to time?(once a week or so) If so, I would be more than happy and
thankful for your help.
I hope all things go as you wish.
Sincerely Yours,
PS) Could you please correct this e-mail when you reply?
Dear Peter,
Your program for learning English is commendable, and your effort will surely bring rewards. You may want to advance from newspapers to general
interest magazines, short stories and general non-fiction books so that you
can experience a wide variety of different kinds of English and writing
styles. Your reading comprehension and your grasp of English expressions
will improve through such effort. Writing ability, however, requires some
guidance and can rarely be improved wholly on one's own.
Thus you may wish to join YESusa's membership program for those who would
like to improve their English writing ability. The program provides editing
services as well as guidance on writing in English. There are several
different types of membership available. Please refer to the YESusa web
site at www.YESusa.org for details. YESusa would be pleased to welcome you
as a member should you decide to join.
Sincerely,
YESusa
이런 좋은 곳이!!!! 음....
전 대학생인데여 영어 공부하느라 너무 힘들어요.....
제가 물어 볼 것은 영어 속담 인데여 진짜 몰라서 물어 보는겁니다여..
딴, 싸이트에 가보니깐 나온 곳이 한군데도 없던데..
(That is icing on the cake.)이겁니다..
꼭 내일 까지 가르쳐 주셔용..
그럼 바이..
Dear kwonyong,
The saying "It's icing on the cake" or "That's icing on the cake" means that something is an extra bonus that we should not expect to have but
would be very happy to have.
In some cases, the saying can also mean that something is not needed, but
is frivolous or unimportant. What meaning is intended by the saying depends
on the context.
Both meanings come from the American experience with cake and icing. In the
old days, cake was a luxury, but icing, also called frosting, was an even
greater luxury. Icing was made from butter, sugar and eggs, and all of
these ingredients were expensive. Thus even those people who were able to
have cake often just had the cake plain without icing. Thus icing came to
represent an added bonus, a luxury, or an unnecessary frivolity.
Sincerely,
YESusa
"학문에는 왕도가 없다." 라는 속담이라기 보다는 명언이 맞겠군요.
영작하면 어떻게 되나요?
Dear Lee In Tae,
"학문에는 왕도가 없다."
There is no easy path to learning.
Learning has no shortcut.
Sincerely,
YESusa
Have a nice weekend!
나는 고교1학년 때 경기도로 전학을 하였습니다.
I was immigrated when I was high school the first class at Kyoung-gi-do.
봄을 재촉하는 비가 내렸습니다.의 표현을 하고싶은데...
It was down raining.
I went to my close friend at wedding hall.
She is my high school friend.
하경희님께
교정본을 보내 드립니다.
1. 나는 고교1학년 때 경기도로 전학을 하였습니다.
I transferred to Kyounggi-Do during my first year of high school.
2. 봄을 재촉하는 비가 내렸습니다.
It rained a rain that called for spring.
I went to see my close friend at a wedding hall. She is my high school friend.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
Thank you for your kind answer and I totally agree with your opinion to improve English writing skill. However, whenever I try to write something in English, I feel nervous. So I think that's a big problem. how can I eliminate the fear?
I tried several times to find a good writing book, but I failed. And my friend said it's a good way to take English writing class which is taught by Korean. Is it really best way? I want to use your site to check my writing. I'm sure you can give me a help. As you said, I'd like to write a diary in English everyday. It could not be possible for you to check my diary every day because you are busy. May be 2 times one week would be enough to me. Please, consider my request and give me a detail to use your site.
best regards
eunshin Park
Dear Park Eunshin,
The best way to improve one's writing is through patient practice under proper guidance. Writing cannot be learned from a book, but requires
personalized feedback and guidance.
YESusa has a membership program that provides editing and guidance for
those who wish to improve their English writing skills. Under this program,
members write whatever they wish, be it letters, diary entries, or essays,
and submit them to YESusa for editing. How often one submits writings and
how long the writings are depends on the type of membership that one
chooses. Please consult the YESusa website at www.YESusa.org for membership
details. You can then choose the membership type that best suits your needs.
It is normal to be nervous when trying to write in a foreign language. Keep
in mind that many people get nervous when they try to write in their own
native language, and that many native speakers of English do not know how
to write a proper business letter or essay in English. Writing is skill
that must be learned, whether you try to write in your own language or in a
foreign language. Thus there is no need to feel embarrassed about your
nervousness. Practice your writing skills and be patient with yourself.
Improvement does not happen overnight, nor is there a quick and easy way to
improve. It takes practice, effort and expert guidance.
YESusa wishes you all the best, and hopes that you will use your English
ability for the good of all fellow Koreans.
Sincerely,
YESusa
KYH님께
질문
I bought three pianos for my rental studios.
위 문장이 맞는지 확인해 주세요. 감사합니다.
답변
맞습니다. 다음 표현들을 참고하세요.
rented studio(s), rented apartment: (주인에게) 돈을 주고 빌려 쓸 때
rental studio(s), rental apartment: (주인으로서) 남에게 돈을 받고 빌려줄 때
<주의>
rental car: (차 주인에게) 돈을 주고 빌려 쓸 때나 (차 주인으로서) 남에게 돈을 받고 빌려줄 때 모두 사용할 수 있는 표현입니다.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
Dear YESusa
I have a question. I found a new word reading an article.
It is a 'squeegee man'. What's the meaning of this word?
I guess that it might mean a beggar.
Sincerely,
Cyh
Dear Kim Jin Byung,
In the late 1980s, many poor men began to wait at busy intersections for cars that stopped at a red light. When a car stopped, they would wash the front window and then demand money. Since they carried a squeegee, a tool with a long sponge on one side for washing a window and a long rubber blade on the other side for scraping off the water, they are called squeegee men.
They are still common in certain urban areas, and most people consider them a nuisance. Many squeegee men are African American, so mainstream America's fear of and contempt for African American men (that is, racism) is a significant factor in this view. However, some people see their actions as the desperate efforts of unemployed, and sometimes homeless, people to earn a little bit of money.
A gas station attendant who washes the car windows as he fills the gas tank can also be called a squeegee man, but no one seems to use the term in this way.
Sincerely,
YESusa
처음 뵙겠습니다.
인터넷 사이트에 이렇게 좋은 개인 영어 선생님을 만나게 되어 무척 기쁩니다.
저는 혼자서 영작공부를 하고있는 중인데 혼자서 하다 보니 문법적으로는 이상이 없는 것 같은데 어법상으로 이상이 있는 것인지 확인할 길이 없어서 주춤거리는 상태에 있습니다.
제가 질문 드릴 사항은;
The young don't have the money to save, and the old spend their savings, so it is mainly the middle-aged who are saving.
위 문장에서
1. to save 가장 적절한 표현이라고 하는데, to save 대신 형용사절인
(which) they are to save로 써도 이상 없는지 이상이 없다면 왜 굳이
to save가 적절한 표현인지
그리고 과거분사 형태로 saved도 가능한지
그리고 형용사구 형태로 for savings 또는 on deposit도 가능한지
만약 틀리다면 왜 그런지
그리고 savings 와 deposit 의 차이는 무엇인지
제가 생각하기에는 명사 money를 설명하는 형용사류는 문법적으로
모두 가능하다고 생각됩니다.
2. their savings 대신 the saved money도 문법상 하자는 없는 것 같은데 어법상 하자가 있는 것인지
좀 각각에 대해서 상세하게 설명을 해주셨으면 합니다.
그럼 선생님의 답변을 기다리며 이만
Dear sem903,
The young don't have the money to save, and the old spend their savings, so it is mainly the middle-aged who are saving.
1. None of the suggestions given can be used in the above sentence in place of
"to save." The phrase "which they are to save" is awkward and indicates
that they have the money to save and will indeed save it, thus it would
contradict the meaning of the sentence. The others are ungrammatical.
The word savings indicates money that has been saved. The word deposit indicates money that is being put into a bank account.
For example:
He makes a $100 deposit into his savings every month.
After making several deposits, their savings increased to $3,000.
2. The phrase "the saved money" would be awkward in this case, thus it is not
used.
Sincerely,
YESusa
Rosalind Franklin and the Double Helix
It isn't just brains that lead to scientific achievements. Sheer luck and the collaboration of colleagues is critically important. But being a smart, outspoken woman in the male-dominated world of science can mean being denied that collaboration. This in turn can mean being denied both recognition for achievement and the opportunity to make that achievement. This is what happened to Rosalind Franklin, whose work was instrumental in cracking the secret of life--the mystery of DNA.
Franklin produced the world's best pictures of DNA molecules and was trying to decipher the molecular structure of DNA. Her lab notes show that she already knew that DNA is a double helix, something like a ladder twisted into a spiral. She needed to figure out just a few more details. But she worked alone, for male scientists considered it beneath them to work with a woman. Her lab partner, Maurice Wilkins, not only refused to work with her, he undermined her by showing a competing scientist, James Watson, one of Franklin's best pictures of a DNA molecule. That picture gave Watson and his partner Francis Crick the crucial insight into DNA's molecular structure. The pair published their findings in 1953 and, together with Wilkins, were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962.
Franklin died of cancer in 1958 at the age of 37, an obscure and forgotten scientist. Her male colleagues denied her the intellectual support that could have turned her brilliance into breathtaking achievements recognized by the world. Yet even alone, she made the critical discoveries that led to one of this century's most astonishing and important scientific achievements. How much more she could have done if not for sexism!
YESusa
Hi, YESusa. It's me again.
Don't tell me you are fed up with my continuing questions.
Today's question is about the time. As I know, there are four time zones in the States. Are they eastern time, central time, mountain time, and pacific time? It seems that I've heard of western time. Is the western time mountain time? From the east to the west, is the order eastern time - central time - mountain time - pacific time?
Thank you.
Dear Janice,
YESusa is happy to answer your questions.
You are right about the time zones. Eastern Time includes New York City, Washington, D.C., Atlanta and Boston. Central Time includes Chicago.
Mountain Time includes Denver. Pacific Time includes California. Pacific
Time is also sometimes called western time, but that is not its official
name. Each time zone is one hour apart. Thus when it is 12 noon in New
York, it is 11 a.m. in Chicago, 10 a.m. in Denver and 9 a.m. in San Francisco, all on the
same day.
Sincerely,
YESusa
It's getting cold over here. (이곳 날씨도 점점 추워지고 있어요.)
Maybe, I think it's feel like '꽃샘추위'.
더욱이 월요일에는 이곳에 (서울만) 눈까지 내렸다니까요!
Further, It's Monday coming down snow only Seoul.
It's down snow on March really, how fantastic event it is! (3월에 눈이
내리다니 진짜 신기한 일이죠?)
Long time no see I met friend. We were seen a movie. The movie is title "쉬리" Nowdays, It is very sensational the movie from Korea.
HKH님께
교정본 보내 드립니다.
It's getting cold here, too. It feels like a spring frost. It even snowed in Seoul, but only in Seoul, this Monday. A snowfall in March! Isn't it a strange and wonderful happening?
The other day I met a friend I hadn't seen for a long time. We went to see a movie together. The movie is titled "Swe-ri." Nowadays, Korean movies are very sensationalistic.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
Hi, YESusa.
Thanks for your editing.
By the way, you changed the sentence, "I finally found out YESusa." into "I finally found out _about_ YESusa."
Would you explain the reason? And what happens if I change the sentence into "" Do I still need to insert _about_?
Thanks.
Dear Janice,
The verb "find out" (알아보다, 알게 되다, 발견하다) is usually followed by the pronoun "about." For example:
He found out about it yesterday.
She found out about the accident this morning.
The primary exception is when the thing being found out is a clause
introduced with who, that, etc. For example:
He found out that he had to work on the weekend.
The police will never find out who stole the diamonds.
Did you find out where we're meeting them?
Can you find out how to make this soup?
He'll find out sooner or later which one of us is telling the truth.
The verb "find" (찾다, 발견하다) does not take prepositions.
I found a penny on the street.
She found her glasses in the drawer.
To summarize:
1) find out + about + noun
2) find out + clause introduced by that/which/who/where/when/how/why
3) find + noun
Therefore, it is necessary to use "about" in the example you gave, and the
sentence should read:
I finally found out about an Internet site called YESusa.
Sincerely,
YESusa
HKH님께
질문
How are you?
I'm happy join one of YESusa members.
Please tell me about the following sentence correct of English expression.
Congratulation, You have finished middle-exam. Maybe, You will feel like comfortable that your finish middle-examination. Hereafter, I will hope to your enjoy free time.
You asked to me. I feel like happy time in my life. (당신이 나에게 묻기를 내 생애에서 가장 즐거웠던 때가 언제냐고 물어보았는데...)
교정본
How are you? I'm happy to become a YESusa member.
Please tell me if the following sentence is correct.
Congratulations on finishing your midterm examinations. Maybe now you can relax since you have finished. From now on, I hope you will enjoy some free time.
You asked me when was the happiest time of my life.
Sincerely,
YESusa
안녕하세요.
이공계 원서에 자주 등장하는 이 표현은 제가 알기로는 필요 충분조건에
대한 짧은 표현으로 쓸 수 있는 듯한데. 문제는 이 구문이 들어간 전체
문장의 해석이 매끄럽지 않게 됩니다.
이 "if and only if"의 정확한 번역을 알고 싶습니다.
예를 들면
"A is stable if and only if B"등의 표현이 되겠지요.
건강하시길...
Dear oskim,
The phrase "if and only if" indicates an absolutely necessary condition. There is no elegant phrase in Korean, but the following is an accurate
translation:
A if and only if B:
B가 사실이어야만 A도 사실이다
Sincerely,
YESusa
hello.
I am a office worker in advertisement company.
nowdays I have been in troubles whenever I hear AFKN TV drama.
until now I have studied English through CNN TV program.
therefore I am in lack of colloqual idoms, words in daily life.
as far as I am concerned, as i am familiar with news English. tell me the best way to make me familiar with those kind of words.
in seoul bong suvi
Dear Bong Suvi,
Colloquialisms and other slang terms found in American television shows change rapidly. New terms are created constantly as popular culture is
filtered through the mass media. Also, many shows like to play word games,
that is, they use words in new ways for humor or special effects in such a
way that the word means something very different from is usual meaning.
(Think of the way that Korean comedies create new expressions and words.)
Remember that extensive knowledge of colloquialisms is not necessary for
English competency. The English heard on many American television shows --
casual, full of slang and often played for laughs -- is not particularly
useful for the foreign speaker, who is more likely to need a more formal
and educated brand of English. Thus YESusa does not recommend concentrating
on the colloquialisms heard on American television except for the most
advanced students of English.
If you would like to improve your listening comprehension of conversational
English by watching American television, the following method may be useful.
Watch the same show regularly, so that you become familiar with the
characters and the plot. Thus when an unfamiliar word or expression comes
up, you may be able to guess its meaning. Unless your English ability is
advanced, stay away from comedies or sit-coms and choose a family drama
such as "Touched by an Angel" or "Any Day Now," or a melodrama similar to
"Dallas."
At the same time, read American magazines and focus on articles that deal
with popular culture and television. Time and Newsweek are good sources, as
is TV Guide. The writing in these magazines is liberally sprinkled with
colloquialisms and pop culture references. Also, if these magazines carry
articles about popular shows, reading them may help you better understand
the show's overall plot and theme and thus better understand the
conversations of the characters.
Sincerely,
YESusa
거듭 감사의 말씀을 드립니다.
Q 1. The Greeks first made explicit some of the characteristics of scientific method.
위 문장이 몇 형식인지 알고 싶습니다.
make explicit를 동사구 형태로 보아서 3형식으로 해야 할지 아니면 make 동사 explicit 보어 some of the ~ method목적어 그래서 5형식으로 보아야 할지...이럴 경우엔 가목적어 it을 써야 할 것 같은데...
답변 부탁 드립니다.
Q 2. 수능 공부에 도움을 받으면서 읽을 수 있는 원서를 추천해 주십시오.
항상 건강하세요... 선생님 사랑해요.
Dear Kim Yongkil,
1. The Greeks first made explicit some of the characteristics of scientific method.
This sentence can be dissected in two ways. In the first, the verb is
identified as "made," while in the second, the verb is identified as "made
explicit."
In the first method, "made" is the verb, "some of the characteristics of
scientific method" is a noun phrase that serves as the object, and
"explicit" is an adjective modifying the object. If the noun phrase is
further dissected so that a single word is identified as the object of the
verb, "some" is the object and "of the characteristics ..." is a
prepositional phrase modifying "some.'
In the second method, the verb is "made explicit" and the object is "some
of the ..."
Regardless of how the sentence is dissected, "make explicit" must always
take an object. Thus even when the object is unspecified, a placeholder
object, usually "it" is used. Note that when words such as "it," "this,"
"him" and other pronouns are used, they are placed in front of "explicit."
For example:
Please make it explicit.
Do I have to make this explicit?
The second method is considered easier to understand and has become more
widely used in the United States, but the first method is more accurate and
better facilitates understanding of similar expressions such as "make
confused" or "make clear." In both of these expressions, "make" is the verb
while "confused" and "clear" serve as adjectives modifying the object.
Examples would include:
He makes me confused all the time.
You have to make everything clear or no one will understand you.
2. Since the college entrance exam focuses on contemporary English, it may be most useful for you to read contemporary novels. You can read novels
written for American teenagers or children or those written for adults. The
Kyobo Bookstore in Kwanghwa-Mun usually has a good selection of novels.
YESusa is glad that you find this web site and its services useful. When
you have time for extra studies, perhaps during vacations or after you have
taken your college entrance exams, you may want to consider becoming a
YESusa member and working on improving your English writing skills. You
will find that YESusa provides individualized, expert guidance unavailable
anywhere else.
Sincerely,
YESusa
A Woman Veteran of WWII
Feminists and policy makers debate whether women should go to war, but women have been going to war for centuries. Wanda Pomykalski, for example, is a World War II veteran of the Polish Army. Her book, "The Horror Trains: A Polish Woman Veteran's Memoir of World War II," will be published in May 1999 by the Minerva Center, a non-profit foundation for the history of women, war and the military.
When the Soviet Union invaded Poland in 1939, Pomykalski decided to join the Polish Army. With her capture by the Soviet Union began a long journey through fierce winter cold and scorching summer heat that ended in Siberian prison camps. After the Polish government negotiated the freedom of its citizens held as prisoners of war, Pomykalski worked as a clerk typist for the army. She followed troops to the front lines in the Soviet Union, Iran, Iraq, Palestine, Egypt and Italy, and saw the horrors of war firsthand.
She wrote her memoir so that people would remember the tragedy of war. "The war was so terrible for so many people; so many died," Pomykalski said. "They must not be forgotten when we survivors can no longer speak about them." But she found that publishers, believing that women have nothing important to say about war, were not interested in a woman's war story. Her manuscript was ignored for more than ten years until the Minerva Center discovered it.
YESusa
안녕하십니까.
영어에 참으로 관심이 많은 학생입니다.
제가 궁금한 점은 영작을 하다 보면 꼭 관사에서 걸립니다. 정관사를 써야 할지 부정관사를 써야 할지 간단히 예를 들어 history같은 경우도 a history 인지 the history인지 책을 보면 the같은 경우는 앞에 나온 명사를 반복하거나 유일한 것 등등 일 경우 정관사를 쓴다고 나와 있습니다. 그런데 잘 모르겠네요...
엔트로피의 법칙을 "the law of the entropy" 인지 "a law of a entropy"인지 시원스런 답변을 부탁드립니다.
Dear jh0203,
The use of articles (a/an and the) is complex, and most non-native speakers never quite grasp all its intricacies.
In general, however, the use of "the" indicates that the noun is something
that was referred to in the past or that it is the sole such thing, while
the use of "a" indicates that the noun is being mentioned for the first
time or that it is one of many. However, there are many other usages, as
well as exceptions. You may want to browse through the YESusa web site for
some other instances of article usage.
The difference between "a" and "the" can be very subtle and even reflect
philosophical or theoretical viewpoints. This is often the case with the
word "history," which you offered as an example.
Using the phrase, "a history of Korea," for example, indicates that the
speaker or writer believes that there are many different histories of Korea
and that she is talking about just one of them. On the other hand, using
"the history of Korea" indicates that the speaker believes that there is
only one history of Korea or that the speaker is referring to a generally
accepted, standard history of Korea or that the speaker is referring to a
broad, all-inclusive history of Korea, or even that the speaker is
referring to what he believes is the authoritative, correct history of
Korea. As you can see, this goes beyond a point of grammar and involves
intellectual debates on historical theory and the nature of history. A
similar situation exists for many other words that convey concepts,
theories or abstractions.
In your second example, the correct translation of 엔트로피의 법칙 is "the
law of entropy." "The" is used because it is generally accepted that there
is only one such law, and "entropy" does not take an article unless one is
referring to a specific incident or case of entropy.
For example: He is researching the entropy of these objects.
Sincerely,
YESusa
수고하십니다. 우리나라 어법에서는 가정법이 중요하지 않은 것 같은데
그래서 헷갈리는 게 가정법 같습니다.
만약 그녀가 이 나쁜 소식을 듣는다면 그녀는 슬퍼할 것이다. 이것을 영작
한다면 If she hears the bad news, she will be sad.으로 되어 있는데.
이것을 가정법 과거로 If she heard the bad news, she would be sad.로 할 수는 없는지요. 두 문장 사이에는 느낌상 어떤 차이가 있는지요.
두 문장을 우리말로 해석한다면 차이가 없을 것 같은데 해석상 어떤 차이가 있는지요.
Dear ksksks,
The sentence, "If she hears the bad news, she will be sad." is a
speculation or prediction about the future, while the sentence "If she
heard the bad news, she would be sad." is a speculation about the past and
present.
That is, in the first sentence, she has not heard the news, but if she does
(this action would be in the future), she will be sad (this is also in the
future). In the second sentence, she may have heard the news (this action
is in the past) and if so, then she would be sad (this is in the present).
Sincerely,
YESusa
Dear Kim Yongkil,
질문1: 친절하신 답변 너무 고맙습니다. 설마 24시간 내에 답신이 올까 했었는데...너무 고맙습니다. 앞으로 질문을 많이 할 것 같은데...많이 도와 주세요... 수능 독해집을 풀다가 다음과 같은 문제를 발견했습니다. 아래 두 문제 모두 게시판의 내용이 무엇인질 잘 모르겠어요.
게시문과 대상이 적절한 것은?
Keep right unless overtaking --> expressway (O)
답변: This kind of sign would be found on expressways. It means that cars should stay in the right lane unless they are attempting to pass or overtake the
car in front of them. The British say that they overtake a car, but the
Americans say that they pass a car. The meaning is the same.
질문2: SOUND HORN --> department store (X)
답변:This sign would also be found on the road. It means that the driver should
honk her horn to warn other cars. This sign is usually found at the
entrance to tunnels, at sharp curves, and other places in the road where
oncoming cars cannot be seen.
질문3: 되로주고 말로 받는다는 속담은 어떻게 영어로 표현하지요?
답변: Gives a little, but takes a lot.
Stingy in the giving, but generous in the taking.
질문4: W.C. = Water Closet 이라고 나와있는데 미국에서도 W.C.를 화장실이라고 사용하는지 궁금해요
답변: Water closet, or W.C., is a British term for 화장실. For the same public
facilities, the Americans use the terms restroom or washroom. Women's room
or powder room is also used to specify facilities for women, and men's room
to specify those for men. The term bathroom is used for such rooms in a
home, since those rooms have both toilets and bathtubs. The term toilet can
also be used to refer to the room as a whole, but it is generally avoided
because it is considered too blunt and therefore impolite. Instead, the
term toilet is used to refer to the 변기 itself.
Sincerely,
YESusa
Dear YESusa,
I always feel thankful for your sincere comments.
Today's question is about "hardly." Adverb as it is, hardly often seems to modify nouns.
For example,
1. She answered with hardly a smile.
2. This is hardly the time for going out.
3. I gained hardly anything.
4. He had hardly the problem.
Would you give me some advice on how an adverb can modify nouns? If any of the above sentences are wrong, please let me know the reason why.
I am looking forward to hearing from you.
Best Regards
Jung Si Uk
Dear Jung Si Uk,
The word "hardly" is one of those adverbs that is often used in set
expressions in such a way that it seems to modify nouns. Another such word
is "barely."
For example,
She said barely a word.
He has barely a dollar to his name.
He saw barely a thing.
She said hardly a word.
He gained hardly a thing.
This is hardly the time for this discussion.
However, "barely" and "hardly" modify the verb in each of these sentences.
They do not modify the noun. It is only the word order that makes it appear
so. This word order is used for emphasis. In most cases, the verb-adverb
word order can be reversed to adverb-verb. For example:
She barely said a word.
He hardly gained a thing.
In some cases, however, the word order cannot be changed because the
sentence follows a set pattern. For example:
She answered with hardly a smile.
This is hardly the time for this discussion.
He walked by with barely a nod.
Sincerely,
YESusa
Dear YESusa
I have a question about pop music in America. Until 1970s, black music was a minor in American music scene. But after Michael Jackson' thriller in 1983, the trend was reversed. In 1990s, black music has become major. In this year's Grammy award, black power overwhelmed white.
At this juncture, I have a question. About 70% of American people are white. There can be white people who like black music( soul, hip-hop, rap, R&B...) But in a society with racial discrimination, majority of white people would not like black music, I guess. Actually, I heard from a Korean American before that average white people don't listen to black music(hip-hop, soul, R&B, rap). I guess they tend to listen to rock, country,
standard pop musics. Am I right?
Korean musician in 1990s have been influenced a lot by black music like hip-hop, R&B. The singing style of R&B has become is a world wide phenomenon.
What is the reality? I think that music award, billboard chart and real preference could be
different. Black music could be liked only by black people. Do majority of white people in America listen to blackman's music(hip-hop, R&B, soul, rap)? In my opinion, Michael Jackson is an exception. His music is not hip-hop, rap or R&B.
Sincerely,
Cyh
Dear Cyh,
Racial prejudice against blacks does not prevent whites from enjoying music made by blacks. If we look at Korean history, we can see a similar phenomenon. During the Japanese colonial period, Japanese people enjoyed Korean art and antiques so much that they took many of Korea's cultural treasures to Japan. At the same time, they harshly discriminated against the Korean people. This phenomenon of enjoying a people's cultural products while oppressing, even hating, the people themselves is a common characteristic of both imperialism and racism. Racism and imperialism do not depend on hating everything about the people who are despised. They depend only on a belief in superiority. Thus white people believe that they are superior to people they consider "colored," such as blacks and Asians. This belief allows them to enjoy the cultural products of blacks and Asians and other colored people while simultaneously discriminating against the people and viewing them as inferior.
Thus it is not surprising that music such as rhythm and blues (r & b), hip-hop, rap, soul and jazz are popular among whites. Whites have long enjoyed the music of American blacks. America calls the 1920s the Jazz Age, because jazz -- a musical form invented by blacks in America -- was very popular during that era. The sound of Motown, music from the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s created by blacks and primarily distributed by a black record label in Detroit called Motown, was popular among whites and continues to enjoy great popularity today. Michael Jackson comes out of that tradition, for as a young child he was part of the Jackson Five, an extremely popular group. (The Jackson Five consisted of the five Jackson children, of which Michael was the youngest.)
Whites love jazz so much that they have almost forgotten that it is was invented by blacks, and claim it as simply an "American" form of music. Many blacks consider this to be appropriation, the stealing of their cultural forms by white America. Indeed, white musicians have "borrowed" a great deal from black musicians. For example, Elvis Presley, who is credited with having invented rock 'n' roll, borrowed much of his style and music from black musicians in the American south. Similar appropriation seems to be happening with hip-hop and rap, which has become spectacularly popular among American youth and is increasingly marketed around the world as simply "American" music. Also, music produced by whites increasingly bears the influence of hip-hop and rap, evidenced in such characteristics as rhythmic rhyming and staccato beat. Music produced by second-generation Asian Americans, including Korean Americans, is also heavily influenced by hip-hop, rap, jazz and other music invented by blacks.
Often, whites who are prejudiced against blacks but enjoy the music and the athletics of blacks like to see their musical and sports heroes as "honorary whites." Thus there is a famous scene in Spike Lee's movie, "Do The Right Thing," where one of the white brothers says that Michael Jordan and Michael Jackson are not really black. This kind of self-delusion is one way in which white people can enjoy the music of blacks while maintaining their racist beliefs. Another method is to believe that blacks are inherently gifted in music, and thus to relegate blacks to the role of entertainers for the sake of white people's pleasure.
Although music created by blacks is popular among both blacks and whites, as well as people of other races, black people do not have control over the music industry. When their records sell millions, the people who make the most money are not the black music artists, but the white music industry moguls. The music industry does not welcome blacks as music executives, owners of record labels or in other positions of power. Blacks are welcome only as musicians and singers. This is one aspect of the very concrete, material effects of racism.
Of course, many white people prefer music that is not identified as black, music such as rock, heavy metal, folk, standard bubblegum pop, country, and the white alternative music called grunge. But black music has a long history of popularity among whites, and its popularity is becoming the norm, particularly among the youth.
Sincerely,
YESusa
I'm 19-year-old student preparing for college entrance exams.
When I studied English I met some questions which I couldn't understand. so I write to you. I know you are quite busy, but Would you kindly explain why the answer are correct?
These are Questions.
Q1) Correct the underlined part
While working at a library, I met a young emigrant from Mexico. When I
explained how the library worked. he gazed upon the shelves with an
expression of awe. " You mean I can read all of these books for free?"
he asked. When I >>assured<< this was true, he dropped into a chair. "Well,
I'm ready. Please bring me the first one."
Q2) correct the errors in the following sentence.
Computers have become fairly common in American homes.
Q3) What is the meaning of the following phrase?
[Beagle's crew]
I am sorry I only ask you questions(질문만해서 죄송합니다)
May you be healthy!(건강하세요!)
Dear Kim Yongkil,
1.
The sentence should read:
When I assured him this was true, he dropped into a chair.
Explanation:
assure + person (+ phrase/clause)
The verb assure must always be followed by an object, the person who is being assured. The verb is also usually followed by a second object, the topic of assurance, which is usually a prepositional phrase or a clause.
For example:
He assured me that he was honest.
They assured me of its quality.
She assured me she was okay.
2.
This sentence is correct as it stands (i.e., Computers have become fairly common in American homes.), but it would be preferable to replace "fairly" with another word such as "quite" or "rather." The usage of "fairly" in this sentence is not standard.
3.
The full context is necessary to understand the meaning of "Beagle's crew." In general, however, crew indicates a group or staff, particularly the sailors on a ship. Thus Beagle's crew might mean a group led by someone named Beagle, or it might mean the sailors on a ship named Beagle, or it might mean something else altogether. Again, the full context is necessary.
Sincerely,
YESusa
Dear YESusa,
I feel thank you for your previous response.
May I ask you this time about articles and tense?
1) He, author, also likes to paint.
2) He, an author, also likes to paint.
Which of the above sentences is correct? And what would be the reason?
1) Most ancient people believed that the earth was flat while some believed
that it was round.
2) Most ancient people believed that the earth was flat while some believed
that it is round.
Please let me know with the reason which would be correct.
1) He observed that the sun was setting(or set) in the west.
2) He observed that the sun sets in the west.
I would also like to know the correct usage and the reason. I personally think either could be OK depending on the situation.
Your detailed reply would very much be appreciated.
Best Regards
Jung Si Uk
Dear Jung Si Uk,
1.
1) He, author, also likes to paint.
2) He, an author, also likes to paint.
Only sentence 2) is correct. This is because the word author must be modified by an article.
2.
1) Most ancient people believed that the earth was flat while some believed that it was round.
2) Most ancient people believed that the earth was flat while some believed that it is round.
Only sentence 1) is correct, because in this case verb tenses must match.
3.
1) He observed that the sun was setting (or set) in the west.
2) He observed that the sun sets in the west.
All three sentences are correct. Sentence 2), because it uses the present tense, is an observation of a regular happening or of a truth. Other examples of such sentences would be:
He noticed that the sun rises in the east.
She discovered that rain falls from the sky.
Sentence 1) is an observation of one incident in which the sun set, either while it was happening or after it was over.
If while it was happening, the sentence should read:
He observed that the sun was setting in the west.
If after it was over, the sentence should read:
He observed that the sun set in the west.
Sincerely,
YESusa
Dear YESusa
Thank you very much for your kind reply. This site is really fantastic.
Today, I have another question. This is not about English, but about American life. These days, many Korean sports people play in the U.S. ( Pak Se-ri, Park Chan-Ho,....). They are national sports heroes in Korea. In my opinion, among them, Se-ri Pak is closet to super-stardom. But others including Park Chan-Ho are not yet superstars in the U.S.
How is their popularity in the U.S.? Am I right?
Sincerely,
Cyh
Dear Cyh,
Yes, you are right. Korean athletes in the United States are not superstars. Their success is noted by sports fans, but they do not become sports heroes. Indeed, people who do not follow sports do not even know their names. They are very popular among Koreans in America, however, especially among those who grew up in the United States. For these second generation Koreans, the success of Korean athletes helps to nurture pride in being Korean. This is very important, since racism in America often makes Asians, Blacks and other people of color feel that they are looked down on.
It has been difficult for Asian sports champions to be accepted as American sports heroes. The problem is not limited to athletes "imported" from Asia, such as Park Chan Ho. Kristi Yamaguchi and Michele Kwan, who grew up in the United States and represented America in the Olympics, are not seen as American by the majority of white Americans. Thus they have not achieved a level of stardom commensurate with their success in figure skating, a popular and beloved sport that has generated many "American princesses."
Americans prefer to have heroes who fit the image of the "normal American" and this image is white. Thus sports stars from Europe have no trouble becoming American sports heroes. Think of Nadia, the Romanian gymnast, and various tennis stars. But athletes who are not white, even if they are American citizens and represent America in athletic competitions, are not given the same kind of public adoration. Although black athletes are quite popular in America, this is related to another aspect of historical racism, for blacks in America have long been expected to provide entertainment for the white majority, and many white Americans believe that all blacks are "naturally" athletically gifted. Thus the black athlete serves as a kind of freak for the viewing pleasure of white America. The fact that black athletes in the 1960s who protested American racism by raising their right fists as they accepted medals during the Olympics were stripped of their medals indicates that black athletes are popular only as long as they do not protest American racism.
Sincerely,
YESusa
CNN head line news에 다음 문장이 있습니다.
White House strategists have drafted their response to what they say is Japan's reluctance to import U.S. automobile parts.
여기에서 what they say를 일종의 삽입구로 보면, response to 다음에 is가 되어
말이 안되고, what they say에서 what을 관계대명사로 보고, what they say를
what they say is...의 주어로 보면 문장 구조는 맞는데 해석이 쉽지 않습니다.
response to what they say is Japan's...문장의 문장 구조와 what they say의 문장 내에서의 역할을 알고 싶습니다.
길 위에 집을 짓지 않는 씨알
송찬의님께
답변 보내드립니다.
what they say is ...: 그들의 말로 ...라고 하는 것
This expression is inserted to indicate that the "what" is not an objective fact, but merely the opinion of "they." Thus in the example you give, the use of the expression indicates that Japan may or may not be reluctant, but that the White House strategists believe that Japan is reluctant and have drafted a response based on that belief.
미국에서 YESusa드림
Women's History Month
Yunhee: I've been reading up on Women's History Month. It's this month, you know.
Mina: I didn't know it was in March. How did it start?
Yunhee: Well, March 8 is International Women's Day. It began in the 1910s with the socialists in Russia, who connected social revolution with women's rights. In the United States, socialists began to celebrate the day as a holiday honoring women.
Mina: How did a day become a whole month?
Yunhee: Well, thanks to the efforts of a women's history group, the United States Congress in 1981 declared the week including March 8 to be National Women's History Week. People liked it so much that in 1987 it was expanded to a month.
Mina: I think the most interesting thing is that the people who started International Women's Day connected social revolution with women's rights.
Yunhee: Yes, women's rights are fundamental to human liberation. That's why the labor movement, the human rights movement, the reunification movement, and all other social movements must include women's rights. It's also why the women's movement must join hands with these other movements.
Mina: But the mainstream women's movement is still dominated by middle-class women. They don't do much for working-class women or for poor women.
Yunhee: You're right, and that's why feminism continues to be criticized as being just a club for women with privilege. But true feminism is about equality and rights for all women. It's about human liberation.
YESusa
안녕하세요, 한은빈입니다.
이번 질문은 편하지만 어려운 단어, worth 의 사용에 대한 것입니다.
다음 네 개의 문장을 좀 봐주세요..
it's not worth answering
it's not worthy of answering
it's not worth being answered
it's not worthy of being answered
이 네 개의 문장이 문법적으로 다 맞고 잘 쓰이는 문장인지 아닌지는 잘
모르겠으나 비교를 위해 한번 만들어봤습니다.
네 문장 다 한국말로 번역하라면 '대답할 가치도 없다' 쯤일텐데 왜 영어에는
표현 법이 네 지나 있을까요? 네 문장은 각각 어떤 뉘앙스를 포함하고
있나요? 뭔가가 다르니까 저렇게 쓰는 거 아닌가요?
context 에서 강조되는 주체에 따라 저렇게 다르게 쓰이는 건 아닌가 싶은데..
위의 네 가지 표현 중에 '대답할 일말의 가치도 없다' 의 뜻을 가장 잘
전달하는 표현은 어떤 것일까요?
저 위의 표현들 말고 더 근사한 표현도 있나요?
한은빈님께
The correct sentence is:
It's not worth answering.
The other three are grammatically incorrect. Another correct way to say the same thing is:
It's not worth an answer.
The grammatical forms are:
1) worth + ing
2) worth + a/an + noun
For example:
1)
It's worth thinking about.
It's worth trying.
It's worth remembering.
2)
He's worth a second look.
It's worth a trip.
They're not worth a dime.
Some expressions can be used in both forms 1) and 2), but some expressions can only be used in one form or the other. Which form is acceptable is often a matter of convention, not grammar.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
Dear YESusa!
I'm Younghun Jo from Inchon.
In searching, I found this site.
Anyway, Would you answer my one question? I have one question, as follows.
Someone says that we must know at least some 1800 words when we upgrade our listening skill. So, I want to these words or the sites where these words are being obtained.
Give me your advice, please.
Thank you for reading.
Sincerely Yours,
Younghun.
Dear Younghun,
YESusa does not recommend memorization of vocabulary as a method for improving listening skills. For ways to improve listening skills, please consult the YESusa website.
If you are still interested in focusing on vocabulary, you can study the required vocabulary determined by the Korean Ministry of Education. A list of these can be found easily in any Korean textbook. Also, the children's picture dictionary authored by Choi Rakjoon and Yuh Ji-Yeon and published by (주) 천재교육 is an excellent source containing 1300 basic English words. Each word is used in one or more sentences, showing its usage in natural, contemporary English. Although this book is designed for children and contains numerous English games and activities, it can be an excellent text for adults who want to improve their grasp of basic, simple English.
You can also study any of the vocabulary books available in Korean bookstores. However, many of those books offer difficult vocabulary that is rarely used in English conversation.
Sincerely,
YESusa
Dear Ik,
질문: 토익문제입니다.
A repair job is costing over $3000 is automatically discounted $500 from the total cost.
위 문제에선 어디가 어떻게 틀렸죠..
답변: The correct sentence is:
A repair job costing over $3000 is automatically discounted $500.
In the TOEIC book, the correct sentence is probably given as:
A repair job costing over $3000 is automatically discounted $500 from the
total cost.
But because "from the total cost" is redundant and awkward, it is better to delete it.
Sincerely,
YESusa
Dear YESusa,
Thank you for your previous kind answers.
This time I would like to ask you about the usage of "difficulty." As far as I know it's used usually with an ~ing form following. For example, "I had difficulty in walking." or "I found difficulty in carrying out a plan." or "I had difficulty in reading this book.", etc..
What I am curious about is whether using an infinitive instead of ~ing in the above sentences can convey the same meaning.
In other words, "I had difficulty to walk" or "I found difficulty to carry out a plan" or "I had difficulty to read this book" are not used and awkward since "difficulty" mostly occurs in the above sentences while the action is being done, not before the action.
Your sincere reply would be appreciated.
Best Regards
Jung Si Uk
Dear Jung Si Uk,
The proper forms are:
1) have difficulty + ing
2) find it difficult to + infinitive
Thus the proper sentences are:
1)
I had difficulty walking.
He has difficulty pronouncing French words.
He has difficulty carrying out the plan.
They have difficulty concentrating.
2)
I found it difficult to walk.
He finds it difficult to pronounce French words.
He finds it difficult to carry out the plan.
They find it difficult to concentrate.
Which form is used is a matter of grammar, not meaning. Whether the action is in the past or taking place currently is indicated through the use of the verb tense.
Sincerely,
YESusa
Dear YESusa,
Thank you for your previous reply.
This time I'd like to know the difference between "would like to" and
"want." Are the ensuing sentences the same?
"He would like you to come soon." & "He wants you to come soon."
If there are any differences, please let me know.
Your kind reply would be appreciated.
Best Regards
"SINCERE ENGLISH LEARNER"
Dear Jung Si Uk
The difference between "would like" and "want" is primarily one of etiquette. Using "would like" indicates respect and politeness, while using
"want" places emphasis on one's own desires and thus conveys an air of
selfishness.
Therefore, saying "He would like you to come." is conveying a request,
while saying "He wants you to come." is closer to conveying a demand.
Sincerely,
YESusa
Dear Cyh,
The term "spin doctor" first came into common use in the 1980s. It was used to refer to the advisors and public relations experts who surround
American politicians, offering them advice on how to present a good image
to the public. Specifically, it referred to those aides and advisors who
worked to present a politician's fault or mistake as being actually a good
thing. It is derived from the word "spin," which has a slang meaning of
"perspective, view, opinion," and the word "doctor," which has a slang
meaning of "specialist" that is close to "con artist." The implication is
that these aides and advisors are trying to deceive the public.
The term "spin doctor" is now used to refer to anyone who deceptively
tries to make a bad thing appear good.
Sincerely,
YESusa
안녕하십니까.
전 한은빈이라고 하는 대학생입니다.
전 과거시제와 현재완료시제의 차이점이 궁금합니다. 문법책을 보면 알 것 같으면서도 막상 영작을 하려고 하면 정말 헷갈리는 것이 그 둘의 구분인 것 같거든요. 현재완료는 지나간 과거의 어떤 행동을 설명할 때 쓰일 수 없는 것인가요? 꼭 그 action 이 현재까지 이어져야만 쓸 수 있는 것입니까? 그렇다면 she has written a book 과 she wrote a book 의 차이는 무엇인가요? 제가 알기로 '책을 쓰다' 는 현재완료를 써야 맞는 것으로 알거든요.
정말 궁금합니다.
지금 뚜렷한 예문을 들을 수 없어 질문이 좀 황당하다고 느껴지실지도
모르겠지만, 전 정말로 궁금하고 답답합니다.
아니면 영어로 된 책이나 사이트도 좋으니 제 궁금증을 속시원히 풀어줄 만한 책을 좀 recommend 해주시겠습니까?
과거와 현재완료..정말로 죽겠습니다.
그럼..
한은빈님께
현재완료시제와 과거시제에 관한 답변 보내드립니다.
The present perfect is most often used in the following three cases:
1) when the action has been repetitive and continuous up to the present,
but is not necessarily being performed in the present, for example:
I have read the sentence several times, but I still don't understand it.
He has practiced a lot, so he must have improved.
She has written many books.
In usage 1), the simple past tense can be used in place of the present
perfect, but using the present perfect emphasizes the repetition and
implies that the action was done in the very near past.
2) when the action began in the past and continues in the present, for
example:
She has lived in Chicago since 1985.
They have worked together for 10 years.
In usage 2), the simple past tense cannot be used in place of the present
perfect.
3) when the action is in the past and thus the simple past tense should be
used, but the speaker/writer wishes to convey the sense that this past
action is connected to the present, for example:
She has written a book on that very topic. I hear that it's selling very well.
In this above example, it is usually preferable to say "She wrote a book on
that very topic, ..." Choosing to use the present perfect gives a sense of
immediacy that the simple past tense does not have.
When there is no supporting context to explain its usage, the sentence "She
has written a book." would generally be considered incorrect, while the
sentence "She wrote a book." would be considered correct. The sentence "She
has written many books." falls in usage 1) above because "many books"
indicates that the action has been repetitive.
It is very difficult for non-native speakers to use the present perfect
properly in the usage described in 3), for it depends on context, feel and
the conveyance of subtle signifiers. Thus it is best to stick to usages 1)
and 2), unless one has an advanced grasp of the English language.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
YESusa 님께
저는 서울대 대학원생입니다.
저번 편지에 대해 번역, 해석은 올해부터 유로로 운영된다고 하셨더군요. 그런데 제가 드렸던 질문은 번역에 관한 질문은 아니었습니다.
1) I am a student of GIAS at SNU.
2) I am a student at GIAS at SNU.
3) I am a student at GIAS of SNU.
중에서 어느것이 맞는 표현인지 물어본 것이었습니다.
GIAS : Graduate Institute for International and Area Studies
SNU : Seoul National University
그리고, 긴 문장에 관한 번역이나 해석에 대해 유료로 운영하는 것에 대해서는 이해가 갑니다만 간단한 표현의 교정에 관한 질문까지 유료화하는 것은YESusa의 설립 취지에 반하는 것은 아닐까요.
Dear CJ,
The correct sentence is "I am a student at GIAS at SNU."
For your reference:
"I am a student of + subject of study/teacher." is the proper form. That is
why sentence (1) is incorrect.
For example:
I am a student of psychology.
I am a student of human nature.
He is a student of Dr. Thornberg.
Sincerely,
YESusa
ik017님께
답변 보내드립니다.
1. (A) Yesterday I (B) asked to Mr. Jones what day (C) to send the letter and he said he was not positive (D) himself.
The correct answer is B, because the sentence should read:
Yesterday I asked Mr. Jones what day to send the letter and he said he was not positive himself.
The relevant grammar is the following:
ask + person/institute
For example:
He asked me what time it was.
We have to ask the city to clean the streets.
2. (A) Some experts have already (B) predicted (C) that the next president (D) will be.
The correct answer is C, for the sentence should read:
Some experts have already predicted who the next president will be.
"who the next president will be" is the object of the verb "have predicted." Since the "who" indicates "the next president," it is not possible to use "that" in its place.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
안녕하세요.
저는 회사원인데, 해외에 있는 공장에 자재를 공급하는 업무를 합니다. 그런데 mail을 쓸 때마다 자재를 "material"이라고 표현하는데 "the matrials"라고 쓸 수도 있는지요? material은 물질명사라서 복수 표현을 하면 안 될 것 같기도 한데.. 알려 주시면 고맙겠습니다.
Dear kws331,
The word material can be used to mean 자재, and can be used in both the singular and the plural. Use of the plural emphasizes that a number of
different things are needed, while use of the singular emphasizes that only
one kind of material is being discussed. In many cases, such distinctions
are not necessary, and so the singular and the plural can be used
interchangeably.
For example:
Have you ordered the material/materials for the photography project?
We need some more of this material. (must be singular because of the use of
"this")
Where did you get all these different materials? (must be plural because of
the use of "these")
Sincerely,
YESusa
저의 집주소는 강원도 춘천시 효자2동 333번지 주공8단지112동212호 @200-092거든요. 이걸 영어로 어떻게 쓰죠?? 역순으로 쓰는 건 알겠는데 잘 모르겠어요. 부탁합니다~~~꾸벅^^
bird2000님께
답변 보내드립니다.
다음 2가지 방법 모두 가능합니다.
1) 영어식 역순 표기법
112Dong-212Ho, Jookong-8Danji, 333-Bunji, Hyoja-2Dong
Choonchun-Si, Kangwon-Do, Korea 200-092
2) 한국식 표기법
Hyoja-2Dong 333-Bunji Jookong-8Danji 112Dong-212Ho
Choonchun-Si, Kangwon-Do, Korea 200-092
참고로 200-092는 우편번호입니다.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
홍현경님께
질문 1
선생님, 안녕하세요?
오늘 신규 가입을 하고 처음으로 이렇게 질문을 드립니다.
"우리는 불법CD 제작 시설을 갖춘 업체들로 인한 불법CD를 제작, 유통시키려는 여지를 단호히 없애야 한다."를 영작하려는데 저는 다음과 같이 해보았습니다.
"We have to get rid of the room for manufacturing or distributing the illegal recordings by companies having the facilities for illegal recording manufacture."
여기서 "~~~시설을 갖춘 업체"를 영작하는데 having 이라는 동명사를 사용하는 것이 맞는 문장인가요? 그리고 by companies에서 전치가 by의 용법을 맞게 쓴 것인가요?
수정
We must eliminate the possibility of manufacturing or distributing illegal CDs by cracking down on facilities for illegal CD manufacture.
참고! companies with facilities for illegal CD manufacture
Because the use of "by" is deeply intertwined with the grammatical structure of your sentence, which unfortunately is not correct, it is not possible here to say whether its use here is correct.
질문 2
"1995년 한국의 불법 음반 시장의 규모가 약 1,400억원에 이르는 것으로 잠정 집계되었다."를
"It was provisionally summed up that the scale of the Korean illegal recordings market in 1995 reached around US$11.2 million."라는 영작이 맞게 된 건가요?
선생님, 이 밖에도 질문이 많은데 이번 답변을 해주시면, 더 열심히 공부해서 다시 다른 질문을 드릴께요. 꼭!!! 빨리!!!! 답변해 주세요. 네? 고맙습니다. 선생님의 답변을 손꼽아 기다리며,
영어는 내 친구, 홍현경 올림.
수정
It was provisionally estimated that the Korean market for illegal recordings in 1995 was approximately US$11.2 million.
미국에서 드림
안녕하세요?
저는 대한민국 강원도 춘천시 강원대학교 사회과학대학 심리학과 3학년에 재학 중인 학생입니다. 평소 영어에 관심이 조금 있었는데 우연히 같이 공부하는 친구를 통해서 선생님의 홈페이지 주소를 알게 되었습니다.
그래서 오늘 들어와 봤는데, 역시 예상대로 선생님께서는 무지무지 훌륭하신 분인 것 같습니다. 제가 영어에 관해 물어봐도 전혀 무시하지 않으실 것 같아 감히 편지를 썼습니다.
저도 다른 친구들과 함께 TOEFL시험 공부를 하고 있습니다. ("시사영어사 신경향 TOEFL TEST 종합공략"이라는 책으로요.) 근데 혼자 공부하다 보니 이것 저것 궁금증이 생기더라구요. 그래서 노트에 몇 가지 적어 놨는 데, 오늘은 그 중에 한가지를 선생님께 여쭤볼 까 합니다. 학구열에 불타는 (??)이 학생의 질문을 부디 거두어 주시옵소서!!)
At night the desert floor radiates heat back into atmosphere and the temperature may be dropped to near freezing.
위의 문장에서 drop은 타동사로서 "떨어뜨리다"라는 의미입니다. 근데 왜 굳이 수동형을 만들어 가면서 타동사를 써야 합니까? drop에는 자동사로서 "(저절로) 떨어지다"라는 의미가 있는데 말입니다.
요약하면, ' may be dropped '대신 'may drop'을 쓰면 안되나요?
그리고 이처럼 한 단어에 타동사 자동사가 동시에 존재하는 경우가 많은데, 그럴 땐 어떻게 써야 하나요? rise와 raise도 그러한데, 늘 헷갈립니다.
선생님!
꼭 답장 보내주세요. 오늘도 학구열(??)에 불타서 열심히 선생님의 답장을 기다리겠습니다.
--- 1999.2.4. 춘천 강원대학교에서 학구열에 불타는 소녀(드림) ---
Ujin3님께
Thank you for your email.
1. You are absolutely right. In the sentence you provide, there is no need to use the passive voice with the verb "drop." In fact, the passive voice is incorrect. The sentence should read as follows:
At night the desert floor radiates heat back into atmosphere and the temperature may drop to near freezing.
2. In general, the passive voice is used to indicate actions that are done to
the subject, while the active voice is used to indicate actions that the
subject itself performs. For example, to say that the package may be picked
up indicates that something or someone is going to pick up the package. The
action of "pick up" is done to the subject, "package."
3. In the case of rise and raise, rise is used when the subject of the verb is itself going up, while raise is used when the subject is making an object
go up. Thus the verb raise must have an object, while the verb rise does
not take an object.
For example:
He slowly rose from the ground, as if his whole body ached.
He raised his hand quickly.
The bird flapped its wings and gracefully rose into the air.
Please raise the level of the computer table by two inches.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
송찬의님께
질문
Now invested in Treasury bonds, the money earns from 4% to 5% a year - only a bit better than shoving it under a mattress.
위 문장에서 Now invested in Treasury bonds라는 문장이 어떤 역할을 하는지
알고 싶습니다. 제 생각에는 the money를 수식하는 형용사적인 역할을 하는 분사로 invested가 쓰인 것 같은데 그러면 보통 문두에 와서 문장 전체를 수식하는 것은 대부분 분사구문으로 부사구의 역할을 한다는 상식에는 위배 되구요... 그게 맞다면, 왜 궂이 Now - bonds라는 형용사구를 따로 앞으로 위치시켜야만 했는지 궁금합니다.
사실 상식적으로는 the money now invested in treasury bonds....가 맞을 것 같거든요.
그러나 만약 Now invested in Treasury bonds라는 clause가 분사구문이라면 원래 형태는 어떤 형태인지, 접속사와 주어 동사를 보충해서 설명해 주십시요.
하지만, 분사구문보다는 invested를 단순한 분사로 보는 것이 현명해 보이기도 하구요....음 어렵네요.
답변
"Now ... bonds" is an adjective clause that modifies the subject "money."
It is placed at the front of the sentence for emphasis. If it simply
followed the subject "money" in the manner you propose, the meaning of the
sentence would shift slightly so that emphasis is placed on "money" rather
than on the adjective clause and the flow of the sentence would also
differ. Which form one chooses depends entirely on the overall context and
on where one wishes to place the emphasis.
미국에서 YESusa드림
Kenya's Next President: A Woman?
She lost the 1997 presidential elections in Kenya, but she's the top candidate for the upcoming 2002 elections. Many consider her Kenya's best hope for building a democratic, economically sound country. She's Charity Ngilu, the first woman to run for president in Kenya. Kenya has been ruled for some 20 years by Daniel Arap Moi, who has been accused of using corruption and violence to win elections. Under his rule, Kenya's economy has deteriorated, corruption has become rampant and poverty has increased. Mismanagement of funds has become so severe that Kenya recently lost millions of dollars in crucial international aid.
Ngilu, 46 years old, criticized Moi for these problems, accusing him of corruption and tyranny. She marched with demonstrators against Kenya's oppressive, non-democratic laws. Consequently, she was beaten by riot police and bombarded with tear gas during her campaign rallies, and even thrown in jail.
She enjoys support from many different tribes, from intellectuals as well as the poor, and from both men and women. As the leader of the Social Democratic Party and a member of Parliament, she is a strong voice for democratization. She advocates for women, saying that Kenyan women will no longer tolerate being treated as men's possessions. Kenyan woman constitute 65 percent of registered voters, but they have long been conditioned to support male leaders. Working with women's groups through Kenya, Ngilu hopes to train more women for leadership positions. Discussing her agenda for reform with Kenya's leading newspaper, she said:
"Constitutional reforms first, because we have to give Kenyans their freedoms if they are to shape their destiny. Nobody else is going to shape Kenya's destiny. The only way to shape Kenya's destiny is to make [it] truly free. To make sure that we have created a conducive environment for them to do their business in peace. The other priority is the provision of basic needs for Kenyans. People are hungry. You have not gone out to see what I have now seen. Kenyans have been reduced to beggars due
to poverty."
The obstacle for Kenya, she said, is not a lack of intelligent, educated people, but corruption. Explaining the problem, she said:
"Unfortunately what has taken place in this country is that the intellectual resources that should be running and managing offices well have been replaced by sycophants. Then there is corruption. You cannot touch or take anybody to court over corruption when you yourself are corrupt."
YESusa
안녕하세요 YES선생님!
오랜만에 이렇게 인사 드리게 되었습니다.
다름이 아니고 질문이 있어서요..
우리 나라에서는 보통 회사원들을 가리켜 사무직 또는 회사원이라고 부르잖아요. 특히 전문직일 경우는 전문인이라고 부르는데, 음 보통 영미 사람들은 회사원을 어떻게 부르는지요. 그냥 officeman 이라고는 하지 않는다고 생각이 드는데요..
그럼. 건강하시구요...안녕히...
hakh님께
답변 보내드립니다.
People who work in offices are called white-collar workers or office workers. Those who hold management positions in companies or are involved in business operations are often called businessmen, although this term is somewhat out of date because it fails to include women. However, it is more common to describe a person's occupation by saying, "He's in sales" or "She's a manager with a large corporation" or "He's an accountant" rather than using a general term like office worker or businessman.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
Dear YJS,
Your writing is generally clear, although in some places there seems to be
something missing. In those places, more information or an opinion or more
explanation is needed. For example, why is equipping students with only
previews and reviews not a good way to educate them? For someone familiar
with the Korean educational system, especially for someone who holds a
similar view, further explanation is unnecessary. But others will need more
explanation, and providing it will give your essay greater persuasive power.
Following is the edited text of your email and of your composition.
I am sending my composition again.
A Red Pen Lesson
A few days ago, my daughter wanted to start a "red pen" lesson, which is
one of many "lessons by mail" programs in Korea. The student takes a test
and send in the answer sheet by mail. Then a teacher grades it and makes
comments with a red pen. My daughter was probably persuaded by a neighbor
who was a sales agent for the program. Respecting my daughter's wishes, we
visited the neighbor to consult about the content and the benefits. After
listening to her explanation and discussing several things, I finally decided not to
subscribe. This was because I hold the strong opinion that students should
study with their own efforts and solve problems for themselves. The approach of the red pen lesson was only to equip students with previews and reviews, which made
them read solutions or answers before they studied in school. The agent bragged that
her daughter aggressively participated in class after she started the program. She may
be right. But I reminded myself that teaching a child how to use chopsticks is better than feeding the child. Fortunately, my daughter consented to my decision.
Sincerely,
YESusa
추신: 다음은 보내주신 영문 편지 원본입니다.
A red pen lesson
A few days ago, my daughter wanted to start a "red pen" lesson, which was
one of many mailing lessons in Korea. Once a student sends the test sheet by mail
after solving a test, a teacher grades it and marks an important question or
makes a comment with a red pen, as the name implies. She should have been
persuaded by a neighbor who was a sales agent. Respecting her opinion, she and I visited
the neighbor to consult about the content and the benefits. After listening to
her explanation and discussing several things, I finally decided not to
subscribe. It was because that I hold a strong opinion that students should study with their own efforts and solve a problem for themselves. The approach of the red pen
lesson was only to equip students with previews and reviews, which made them read
solutions or answers before they studied in school. The agent bragged that her
daughter aggressively participated in class after she started it. She may be right.
But I assured myself, reminding that teaching how to use chopsticks is better
than feeding. Fortunately, my daughter consented.
Dear YESusa,
Thank you for your ever-sincere comments.
Should I say "I'm calling you to say something" or, "I called you to say something" when I want to express the present situation?
In case, "I called you to say something" could, I expect, be used in both situations in which I called you now or when I called you previously. I need your help.
Your reply would be held high upon a pedestal.
"Lonely English Learner"
Dear LEL,
Both "I'm calling you to say something." and "I called you to say something." can be used to indicate the present. But only "I called you to say something." can be used to indicate the past.
Whether one uses "I'm calling you to say something." or "I called you to say something." is strictly a matter of preference. The only difference is that the first sentence has a somewhat more active feel, while the second sentence has a slightly more formal feel. The difference, however, is very slight.
Sincerely,
YESusa
jlsyhw님께
답변 보내드립니다.
This position requires some ( ) design experience.
1. present 2. previous 3. precious 4. Prevalent
The correct answer is 2), so that the sentence reads: This position requires some previous design experience. Picking the correct answer depends on understanding the meaning of the sentence, not on grammar or word usage or vocabulary.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
Dear YESusa,
Thank you for your kind reply.
1. In your last message, you said, "The day may come when we have used up the coal" is correct. Also you said the future perfect is necessary here to set off the future tense of "will come" or the speculative future of "may come." I wonder how the present perfect is correct when the future perfect is necessary. Otherwise, are there any differences in meaning between the above mentioned sentences when used in the present and the future perfect in the when-clause? I need your sincere answer.
2. Among your comments on others' writing was something like "If he came to school today, I would have seen him." I think the if-clause above is the subjunctive past, which refers to what is opposed to the present fact. The ensuing tense, however, is the past perfect that was not fulfilled in the past. I know that we could use mixed tense in the subjunctive mood depending on the situation and the nature of the verbs. This time, however, the nature of the verb "come" is not a "state" but an "event." Therefore, my suggestion is that the sentence be "If he had come to school today I would have seen him." or "If he were present I would have seen him." The reason why "present" is possible is that "present" is a "state" verb. I seek your help.
3. Do you distinguish between "call on" and "call at" when the meaning is "visit"?
4. What would be the difference between "He looks as if he is dead." and "He looks as if he were dead." and "He looks as if he was dead"?
I would appreciate it very much if you give us detailed answer.
Best Regards
"SINCERE ENGLISH LEARNER"
정시욱님께
답변 보내드립니다.
1. The word "will" was inadvertently left out of the sentence. The correct sentence is "The day may/will come when we will have used up the coal." Please accept our sincere apologies for the confusion.
However, it should be noted that in conversational English, native speakers do not pay as close attention to matching verb tense as those who learn English as a foreign language. Thus, native speakers often use the present perfect in place of the future perfect. The above sentence is one of those cases.
2. The sentence, "If he had come to school today, I would have seen him." is grammatically correct. But native speakers are just as likely to use "If he came to school today, I would have seen him." This is because native speakers use verb tense by "feel" rather than by grammatical rules. In this case, therefore, a simple past tense can be used. Only the most old-fashioned English teachers would correct this sentence.
In addition, using the simple tense leaves open the possibility that he did come, but that I have not yet seen him, while using the "had come" closes that possibility and implies that he has definitely not come.
3. "call on" is used to mean "visit a person."
For example:
He visited his sister.
= He called on his sister.
"call at" is used to mean "stop by a place." This usage, however, is old-fashioned.
For example:
He called at the church on his way to the meeting.
4. These two sentences are correct:
He looks as if he is dead.
He looked as if he were dead.
"He looks as if he was dead." is not grammatically correct because the tenses do not match. However, some native speakers do use this expression, for it is a colloquial usage.
Note: In the future, please include examples with your questions regarding grammar.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
저는 제일 헷갈릴 때가 형용사+명사/명사+명사 등의 말을 만들 때 입니다.
예를 들면 굴삭기 운전 ---> Operating a excavator/Excavator operation;
차이는?
건축작업 ---> architenctiral work
건설현장 ---> construction site
(어감상 constructing은 이상하다는 생각이 들기는 하지만 이유는 잘 모르겠어요.)
그리고 명사형이 있는 단어(예.establish->establishment)에서 establishing과 establishment에는 어감상 어떤 차이가 있나요?
문서를 영어로 번역할 일이 자주 있는데 그럴 때마다 신경이 쓰입니다. 한국말에 많은 네자 짜리 말들요..예) 전자 응용, 전자기기, 토목 재료, 전기 시설 등등..
언제 형+명이 맞고 언제 명+명이 되는지 좀 확실히 알았으면 합니다.
그리고 외국어이기에 관사와 복수 때문에 거의 미칠 지경입니다. 어떻게 하면 이 부분을 확실히 할 수 있을지 도움말을 주세요.
Dear jaz4ever,
Whether the adjective form or the noun form is used to modify another noun depends largely on convention and the nature of the two words in question. There are no hard and fast rules. Thus "architectural work" and "construction site" are the correct expressions. In this case, it is largely because "site" usually takes nouns as modifiers, while "work" usually takes adjectives. For example:
work site
building site (where building means 건물)
mental work
physical work
"Establishing" indicates the action, while "establishment" indicates the finished deed.
Please refer to the YESusa web site regarding usage of articles. The use of the plural depends on context and convention, such that grammatical principles are helpful only with the most basic cases.
Sincerely,
YESusa
박진형님께
답변 보내드립니다.
Q 1. 안녕하세요 저는 공무원 준비를 하고 있는 학생입니다 공부도 중 궁금증이 생겨 이렇게 글을 올립니다. 답변해주시면 대단히 고맙겠습니다.
If I had known of your arrival, I would have met you.
분사 구문으로 고치면 어떻게 됩니까?
(Having known of your arrival, ~인지 아니면Knowing of your arrival, ~)
A 1. 위와 같이 바꿔 쓸 수 없습니다. 다음과 같이 바꿔 쓸 수 있습니다.
Had I known of your arrival, ...
Q 2. Having left at 11:00 a.m., he should have arrived in Pusan by now.
가정법이므로 by now가 있으니까 가정법 과거 완료가 왔으니 틀린 문장 아닙니까?
A 2. 문법적으로 이상 없지만 다음이 더 자연스럽습니다.
If he left at 11:00 a.m., he should have arrived in Pusan by now.
Since he left at 11:00 a.m., he should have arrived in Pusan by now.
Q 3. I would explain it to her if I thought she would understand.
가정법 과거 이므로 종속절은 현재가 되어야 하는데 she would understand에서 would가 맞습니까?
이상 없습니다.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
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