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Dear YESusa!
Could you tell me please how can I write to formal letter. (for instance, change address or complain something). Sorry, I done have the Area font so I send again this letter by English.
Sincerely,
Chang-Sig, Kim
Dear Kim Chang-Sig,
The standard form for a formal letter is as follows:
Name of Sender
Address
Date
Name of Recipient
Address
Re: Subject (This line is optional)
Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./Dr./Rev./Prof. Name,
BODY OF LETTER
Sincerely,
(Signature)
Name of Sender
For example:
Peter Kim
2940 W. Morse
Chicago, IL 60645
May 15, 1999
ComEd
One ComEd Plaza
Chicago, IL 60602
Re: Account # 54-3982-19
Dear Sir or Madam,
Please disconnect the electricity and gas for the account named above,
effective immediately. You may send the final bill to the address above.
Sincerely,
(Signature)
Peter Kim
Sincerely,
YESusa
     
Dear:
I noticed your site by accident.
And I want to ask you a favor; tell me about 'reference letter'. What is it and does it have a form? I want to know it in detail. What does its form look like, what is it used for, and what is its content?
Give me the answer, soon.
A poor man at English from Yeosu, Jonnam, Korea
이선재님께
A reference letter is also called a recommendation letter or a letter of recommendation, and is similar to the Korean 추천서. It is a letter written by a boss, a teacher, a professor or other person of authority who has supervised one's work or studies. The purpose is to recommend the person
for a job or admittance into a school. The letter should describe the
person's abilities and the work he/she has done. There is no standard form,
although some schools send out a form for the person writing the
recommendation to fill out. These forms usually ask the writer to compare
the person to others whom the writer has known, how the writer came to know
the person, what relationship the writer has to the person, and the
writer's current position and title.
FYI, the expression "give me the answer, soon" is considered impolite. A polite way of saying the same thing is "Your timely answer will be greatly appreciated." Similar forms can be used in many different situations,
especially in situations where we might use the Korean "부탁드립니다" while
making a request.
For example:
Your attention to this matter will be appreciated.
Your permission will be appreciated.
Your cooperation will be appreciated.
Also, the usage of "I want" is often considered impolite because it sounds like a demand. Using "I would like" is considered proper.
For example:
I would like to know this in detail.
I would like to meet with you this week.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
다음 문장 중에서 them이 틀린 것 같은데 왜 틀렸는지 아님 다른 곳에도 틀린 곳이 있는지 궁금합니다. 답변 주시면 고맙겠습니다.
No one is allowed into the house except them who have an I.D. card.
송동빈
송동빈님께
The sentence should read:
No one is allowed into the house except those who have an I.D. card.
The phrase "those who have an I.D. card" is the object of the preposition
"except," and in this phrase the subject is "who." Therefore, a subject
pronoun is required to introduce this phrase, and thus "those" is correct,
for it matches the subject status of "who" and the plural status of "have."
"Them" cannot be used because it can only be used as an object, never as a
subject.
If there were no phrase such as "who have an I.D. card" to explain
precisely who is not allowed into the house, then "them" could be used and
the sentence would read as follows:
No one is allowed into the house except them.
In this sentence, "them" is the subject of the preposition "except."
미국에서 YESusa 드림
선생님 질문이 있어 문의 드립니다.
토익문법 공부를 하다 보니 동사와 어울리는 전치사라는 말을 발견할 수 있었는데 전치사에도 어떤 단어와 자주 어울리는 전치사가 따로 있는 것인가요? 또 어떠한 뉘앙스가 있는지 전치사의 쓰임에 대해서 좀 알려주세요. 그리고 영어를 모국어로 하고 있지 않는 외국인이 전치사를 좀 잘못 쓴다고 하여 듣는 외국인이 의미를 이해하지 못하는가요? 한가지 예로 택시를 탈 때 get in 기차를 탈 때 get on을 쓴다고 하는데 만약 택시를 탈 때 get on 을 쓴다면 잘못된 말이 되나요..?
질문2
how many people do you have?라는 질문에 we have a lot of stuff~~라는 문장이 있었는데 이때 stuff를 복수로 사용하여 s 를 붙여야 옳은 표현이 아닌지요...?
최인수님께
1. The use of prepositions is perhaps the most difficult aspect of the English language. The only method is to learn the basic grammatical rules for prepositions and memorize their usage. In many cases, certain verbs or
nouns are consistently used with certain prepositions, and these cases must
simply be memorized.
The example you give is a good one. In English, one gets in a taxi or a
car, but gets on a train, plane or bus. In addition, one gets out of a
taxi or car, but gets off a train, plane or bus.
Misusing prepositions can lead to misunderstandings, but it is usually
possible to understand the intended meaning. Much depends on the
willingness of the listener to be tolerant and caring. Many Americans,
however, do not bother to try to understand the English spoken by people
they consider foreigners, particularly people from Asian countries. This is
why it is common for Americans to have difficulty understanding English
spoken by non-native speakers, while non-native speakers have no difficulty
understanding each other.
2. The word stuff is considered a "bulk word" and is generally used in the singular even when its meaning is plural.
For example:
A: This is so heavy! What kind of stuff do you have in there?
B: Oh, some diapers for my baby, a change of clothes, a few books, some
notes for my presentation. Nothing much.
Other such "bulk words" include flour and people. Such words are used in
the plural only in very specific instances. For instance, the word
"peoples" is used to mean 민족들. (This is possible because one meaning of
people is 민족.)
For example:
The peoples of the world have interlinked histories.
Many different peoples now live in the United States.
Following is an example of the usage of the word people to mean 민족:
The Korean people live in many different nations as a result of imperialism
and national division.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
안녕하세요?
외국에서는 상거래할 때, 어떻게 영수증을 작성하는지 궁금합니다. 정해진 양식이 있는지요.
이종우님꼐
There is no one format for receipts. But in general, receipts must contain the date, the name of the store or business that is selling the
merchandise, the type of merchandise purchased and the price, the amount of
merchandise purchased, any tax that must be paid, and the total price. Thus
they are similar to receipts in Korea.
For commercial purposes, receipts are often called invoices. An invoice can
be either a bill that indicates the amount that must be paid, or it can be
a receipt indicating the amount that has been paid. In either case, an
invoice usually contains the same kind of information listed above, plus
the name of the purchaser. As with receipts, there is no one format for
invoices.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
조동사에 관해서는 그 동안에도 많은 문들이 질문을 했더군요.
저도 would, could, should, might, may...등의 용법에 관해서는
YESusa의 글과 다른 문법책을 통해서 공부는 많이 했읍니다.
그러나 그래도 실제 사용에 자신이 없읍니다.
그런데 이러한 조동사들은 실제로 사용해보지 않으면 영원히 제대로
구사하기가 힘들 것 같다는 생각이 듭니다. 이러한 조동사들은 말을 부드럽게 한다든가 또는 미묘한 뉘앙스의 차이가 있다는 말을 들은적이 있읍니다. 이러한 부분을 책과 글만을 통해서는 알기가 어려울 것 같군요.
실제로 미국인들은 'I'd have to agree with you.'같은 표현을 일상적으로 사용한다는데 교과서적인 지식만 있는 한국인으로서는 왜 would가 위의 문장에
들어갔는지 절대로 알 수 없을 것 같습니다. 저는 처음에는 위의 문장이
문법적으로 틀린 문장으로 생각했읍니다. 우리나라 교과서에 위와 같은 문장은 절대로 등장하지 않으니까요.
YESusa님! 어떻게 하면 보다 용이하게 would. could, should, might, may... 등
조동사의 용법을 확실하게 터득하여 자유자재로 사용할 수 있을까요? 정말
답답합니다.
Dear KJB,
All of these helping verbs (would, could, should, might, may) serve as ways to express something in a somewhat tentative or indirect fashion. Thus in some situations using these verbs is more polite, while in other situations
using them indicates an unwillingness to make a commitment and state one's
opinion clearly.
For example:
You might say that he's suitable for the job.
(This can be interpreted as a reluctance to wholeheartedly endorse
the person for the job.)
You could say that.
(This can be interpreted as conceding that the opinion of "you" is
reasonable, but that one does not completely agree with that opinion. In
short, it's a polite way of expressing a moderate degree of disagreement.)
As the Q&As on the YESusa web site show, there are many other usages for
these helping verbs.
Because the usage of these helping verbs is both complex and subtle, there
is no "magic bullet" that will allow non-native speakers to learn how to
use them fluently. Aside from obtaining a clear grasp of the grammar, the
best method is to be on the lookout for their usage in the speech and
writing of native speakers, and then try to mimic them whenever possible.
Sincerely,
YESusa
영어에 대한 가르침 너무나 감사합니다...다름이 아니라 미국 대학 생활과 우리나라 대학 생활의 차이가 있다면 어떤 것이 있을까요....
많이 알고 싶거든요...
모든 국내의 영어 사이트와 외국의 대학 홈페이지에서 12시간 이상을 정보검색에 시간을 보냈지만 어디서도 명쾌한 해답을 얻을 수 없었습니다...
한국..수원에서....한 대학생이......
김형철님께
The following brief explanation of college life in the United States will help you compare it to that in Korea.
There are many different kinds of colleges in the United States, each with
its own distinctive style of undergraduate life. At elite universities and
colleges, undergraduates are very competitive and achievement-oriented, but
at the same time they are very interested in recreation. The college years
are often a kind of extended adolescence during which the student can
experiment and play as he/she tries to decide what kind of a career to
choose. At urban universities that cater to lower income students, the
students tend to be more mature and more interested in obtaining a useful
education that will provide access to better jobs. In many cases, they are
the first members of their families to attend college. Such students tend
to be serious and have little time for the recreation indulged in by
students at other institutions.
The following is some general information relevant to most colleges and
universities:
1) Students choose their major at some time during their first two years in
college, and it is usually easy to switch majors. Switching majors,
however, may mean that the student must attend college for an extra
semester or more in order to fulfill all the requirements.
2) American colleges and universities have a wide variety of
extra-curricular activities for their students, including various levels of
sports competition, arts, etc. Most schools have one or more school
newspapers staffed by students, as well as some form of student government
with elected student representatives. Student government generally focuses
on issues of student life rather than on social issues or political
activism, although at some schools student government has been known to
engage in activism.
Many schools are residential, meaning that they have student dormitories.
Most dormitories are co-ed, but roommates are of the same sex and dorms
have separate bathrooms for men and women.
The legal drinking age in the United States is 21, which means that most
college students cannot legally drink alcohol. But because many students
insist on drinking, schools have a difficult time enforcing this law.
Students at the University of Pennsylvania, for example, recently protested
the school's prohibition on alcohol on campus, chanting "We want beer!" as
they demonstrated in front of administration buildings.
3) Although the education obtained in college is important, the social
connections made during those years can be equally important. Such
connections are made through a variety of clubs and activities. Many
colleges and universities also participate in the Greek system, a national
network of fraternities (for men) and sororities (for women). Fraternities
and sororities are national associations with branches at various campuses.
At many campuses, particularly at state schools, they are the focus of
campus life for undergraduates. Thus many American college students are
eager to join them. Members of these organizations often keep in touch
years after graduation, and help fellow members even if they have never met
each other personally. It is not unusual for a fraternity alumni who is
head of a company or in some other position of authority to hire a recently
graduated fellow fraternity member or the son of a fellow alumni. In some
cases, these organizational ties are much stronger than school alumni ties.
Fraternities and sororities are private organizations that pick new members
once a year in a kind of popularity contest called rush. During rush,
students participate in activities sponsored by the fraternity or sorority
they wish to join. At the end of rush, they wait to learn which
organization has chosen them. If they have been chosen by more than one,
they must pick one to join. Some people are chosen by none or are rejected
by the one they most want to join, and such rejections have sometimes
resulted in suicide. Fraternities are notorious for forcing their new
members to go through brutal initiations, called hazing, that often include
violence and forced drinking of excessive amounts of alcohol. There have
been numerous cases in which students have died during fraternity hazings.
Fraternity members are also notorious for perpetrating sexual violence
against women, and there have been several well-publicized cases of gang
rape in which female students were raped by fraternity members.
5) Tuition at elite institutions such as Harvard, Stanford, etc. and at
private liberal arts colleges such as Smith College is about $20,000 or
more per year. When the cost of room and board, books and other expenses is
included, the total price of one year at such an institution is well over
$30,000. In contrast, tuition at a public school can be as low as a few
hundred dollars per semester. Even with the assistance of financial aid (a
combination of scholarships, loans and part-time, on-campus jobs given to
students who need help paying the cost of college), tuition at elite
schools is prohibitive for all but the wealthiest of families. Thus most
students at such schools come from quite wealthy backgrounds. At one such
school, for example, a recent survey revealed that the average family
income of the undergraduate students was $80,000 per year. Because
financial aid is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain, many students
who are eligible to study at such elite schools end up going to less
expensive public schools in their own state, which often are also less
prestigious. Because education and social connections remain the major
route for upward mobility, going to less prestigious schools can often mean
fewer opportunities for advancement. In short, the children of the wealthy
have access to continued upper-class status, while the children of the
middle class and the poor have reduced access to upward mobility. In this
way, class inequalities in American society are reproduced through education.
6) The overwhelming majority of undergraduates, particularly at elite
institutions, are white. Asian American students have recently become a
significant presence at these campuses. At some schools, for instance, the
entering freshman class is about 20 percent Asian American. African
American students are usually at about seven to 11 percent, while the
percentages of Latino and Native American students hovers at three percent
or less at most elite campuses. Recent changes in admissions policies at
California state schools has also made it more difficult for students of
color to gain admission to those schools, and this has resulted in huge
drops in the number of students of color in the entering classes.
During the 1980s, several prominent elite universities were found to have
unfairly kept a ceiling on Asian American students, refusing them
admittance even when they were qualified. This is very similar to what
Jewish American students experienced in the 1930s, when schools such as
Harvard refused to admit more than a certain number of Jewish students.
Civil rights advocates interpret such actions as attempts by the mainstream
white establishment to prevent people who are not WASPs (White Anglo-Saxon
Protestants) from achieving prominence and influence within American society.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
John Steibeck의 Cannery Row 라는 소설책을 읽고 있습니다. 책을 읽다가 모르는 부분이 있어 문의 드립니다.
It wasn't anything he said nor was his expression unpleasant, but he was sulking just the same. Dora looked him over coldly. [ I guess you figure you're getting the blocks, don't you? ] "No," said Alfred. "No, it's quite all right."
* 술집 주인과 술집 종업원과의 대화인데 getting the blocks 이라는 뜻을 알고 싶습니다.
[ She could lick her weight in City Councilmen. ]
* lick her weight, 'lick'이 무슨 뜻입니까?
감사합니다.
Dear Lee Tae-Yoon,
1. The expression "getting the blocks" usually means "getting a raw deal,
getting trouble for no good reason, being given a hard time for no good
reason."
2. These are slang expressions.
lick X: beat up or defeat X
lick one's weight in X: able to beat up and/or defeat or get the better of X without exerting much effort
licking: beating; complete defeat
For example:
He licked your brother so badly both eyes are swollen.
The home team licked the visiting team, 7 to 1.
She's not afraid of him because she can lick her weight in lawyers.
His father gave him a licking for stealing a candy bar.
The school basketball team suffered a licking last night. We lost 78 to 25.
Sincerely,
YESusa
이전의 친절한 답변에 깊은 감사를 드립니다. 다음은 저의 생각인데 맞는지 틀리는지 모르겠습니다.
지금 Last temptation of Jesus Christ를 읽고 있는데....
These lessons helped prepare him for his next saviour but one, Lenin.
* 이 문장에서 but one이 좀 어렵습니다. 문맥상 이렇게 짐작이 되는데....
(이러한 교훈은 작가가 다음의 구원자를 준비하도록 도움을 주었는데 그 사람은 다름 아닌 레닌이였다.)
* 그런데 but의 용법에서는 이런 것이 없는 것 같습니다. 유사한 용법으로 사전에 but이 정말로, 참으로, 단연코라는 강조의 표현이 있다는 설명이 있는데....저의 짐작이 맞는지 확신이 가지 않습니다.
도움 바랍니다. 감사합니다.
Dear Lee Tae-Yoon,
The word "but" can also be used to mean "except," and this is the usage in the sentence you give.
Other examples include:
Everyone but Bob went to the movies. = Everyone except Bob went to the movies.
He ate everything but the salad. = He ate everything except the salad.
Also note the following:
prepare X: X를 준비하다
prepare for X: X를 위해 준비하다
prepare for A (A is a person): A를 만나기/맞이하기 위해 준비하다
Therefore, "prepare for his next savior" means "prepare to meet his next
savior."
Sincerely,
YESusa
Dear YESusa
Today, I'd like to ask you about the sex life in the U.S.
This question might be silly one, but I want to know.
These days, premarital sex is becoming widespread in the young generation in
Korea. I firmly believe that this phenomenon is a result of cultural effect
from America. American society is more open to sex than Korea, I think.
What do average Americans think about sex?
Does the notion of chastity still exist in American society?
What does 'marriage' mean to Americans?
When do average Americans start sex?
What do American couples think about premarital-sex histories of their
spousers?
Sincerely yours,
Cyh
Dear Cyh,
In the United States, there are many different attitudes about sex. In general, however, sex is more closely linked with pleasure and fun than
with love and responsibility. Premarital sex has been increasingly accepted
in American society ever since the so-called sexual revolution of the
1960s. This revolution legitimized sex for pleasure outside of marriage and
popularized the current ongoing obsession regarding sexual pleasure and the
orgasm.
In response, there is a backlash stressing chastity and waiting for
marriage. This backlash is fueled in part by fears of sexually transmitted
diseases such as AIDS, in part by concerns that open attitudes toward sex
contribute to the disintegration of families, and in part by concerns that
early sexual relations harm the self-esteem of young people, especially of
women. Some Americans also argue that the sexual revolution has hurt women
by increasing the pressure on them to submit to male demands for sex, while
doing nothing to protect them from being looked down upon for being
sexually active. Because Americans still have a sexual double standard that
gives men greater freedom to have multiple sex partners, women who have
active sex lives are often labeled "loose" and "easy" while the men are
admired for being "studs." In this respect, American attitudes are not that
different from Korean ones.
Most surveys show that the majority of young Americans today have their
first sexual experience by the time they are in their mid- to late-teens.
It is common for Americans to have several different sexual partners before
they marry. And as in Korea, adultery is also quite common. In general,
more men commit adultery than women.
As in Korea, marriage means many things to Americans. Although many
Americans are living alternative lifestyles and are remaining single for
much longer, marriage is still considered part of a "normal" life. As for
what Americans think of their spouse's pre-marital sexual histories, that
depends on the individual. Some have no problem with it, while others are
jealous. Some want to talk about it, while others don't want to know
anything about it. In general, however, Americans are tolerant of
pre-marital sex and do not feel that a woman is "ruined" because she is not
a virgin. At the same time, as stated above, Americans frown on women who
have too many sexual experiences before marriage. As for what number is
"too many," that depends on who's talking.
If you are interested in pursuing this topic further, you may wish to
consult the [Hite Report], a study on American sexuality.
Sincerely,
YESusa
전화할 때 용건이 다 끝난 다음에는 어떻게 마무리를 져야하죠? 저는 그냥 That' it. 이라고 하고 다음에 Bye -Bye를 하는데 마무리가 여간 어색한 게 아닙니다. 조언을 부탁드립니다.
Dear YJW,
When finishing a telephone conversation that you initiated, it is usually
best to thank the person for the service or information he/she provided and
then say good-bye. Also, saying "bye-bye," can often sound child-like and
is usually not suitable for business conversations. It is better to say
"good-bye."
For example:
Thank you for the information. Good-bye.
It's a pleasure doing business with you. Good-bye.
Thank you for your time. Good-bye.
Sincerely,
YESusa
안녕하세요?
저는 한국의 부산국립대학교에서 정밀기계공학과를 올 2월에 마친
이성훈이라는 학생입니다.(참고로 73년, 27세) 그리고, 내후년(2001년)
가을학기에 미국으로 공부(박사과정)하기위해 갈 계획입니다. 인터넷상을
이리저리 서핑하다가 이렇게 좋은 정보를 접하게되어 불쑥 인사드립니다.
그건 그렇고, 어떻게 GRE를 만점을 받으실수 있으신지 한국에서 여지껏
살아온 저로써는 참 궁금하고, 알고싶은 정보입니다. 한국에서 외로이
준비하는 학생에게 따뜻한 정보를 부탁드립니다. 너무 밑도 끝도 없습니다만
잘 부탁드립니다. (저는 GRE공부한지 단 1달 되었습니다.) 고맙습니다. 꾸뻑.
이성훈님께
Dr. Yuh Ji-Yeon thanks you for your email and asks for your understanding
for not personally answering your question. Due to the volume of questions,
personal answers are not feasible. But she did ask YESusa to pass along
some of her tips regarding the GRE.
Each segment of the GRE demands a different kind of preparation. The mathematics segment is usually quite easy for Korean students. Thus a brief
review of mathematic formulas and principles, along with a few practice
exams, is generally sufficient.
The analytical section requires the student to study specifically for the
test and does not necessarily require additional study. The problems on
this section are what Americans call "brain teasers" or "logic problems,"
and students simply need to master the specific skills needed to solve
them. Any of the GRE study guides published in America will provide good
preparation. In this section, repeated practice will result in higher scores.
The verbal section is usually the most troublesome for Koreans and other
non-native speakers of English. Here the two most important things are 1)
to master the kind of questions that appear on the test; and 2) to improve
one's general English skills, especially vocabulary, grammar and reading
comprehension.
Most of the GRE study guides will have a list of vocabulary that commonly
appears on the exam. The lists are likely to differ from one guide to the
next, so it may be helpful to study several of them.
Brush up on grammar by studying with guides for other English exams that
emphasize grammar, such as the TOEFL, and by referring to grammar textbooks.
Similarly, study reading comprehension with a variety of study guides for
tests such as the TOEFL and the TOEIC. Since the GRE is a more difficult
version of the SAT, it may also be helpful to study with an SAT preparation
guide.
While using other test guides, it is important to keep a GRE preparation
guide as your main study guide. The questions differ in form from test to
test, and it is important not to get them confused.
The verbal section tests verbal skills developed over a lifetime of reading
and writing English, and thus it is very difficult to study specifically
for the test. Native speakers of English have a very difficult time with
this exam, so it is unrealistic to expect non-native speakers to achieve
high scores.
Practicing with real GRE exams from previous years is one of the best
methods of preparation. Such exams are often available directly from the
Educational Testing Service in the United States. Search the Internet for
their contact information. In addition, many GRE study guides contain
information on obtaining such actual prior exams for practice and provide
an address for the ETS.
Good luck with your studies.
Sincerely,
YESusa
간단한 질문을 드리려고 합니다.
최근에 영문법을 간단히 훑어보고 지나가려고 뿌리토익영어를 봤는데..그 곳에 있던 것입니다.
"$5 INITIAL FEE"라는 안내문이 보통 어떤 때 사용되는 것인가? 하는 겁니다.
그럼, 오늘도 좋은 하루 되세요~
kabae.
Dear kabae,
The phrase "$5 initial fee" is used in reference to the basic cost of a taxi, that is, the minimum price.
Similar expressions can also be used in reference to any minimum price for
a service whose price depends on the amount of service received.
For example:
$100 initial fee for consultations
$25 initial membership fee
Sincerely,
YESusa
보통 유아들의 언어 습득 능력에 비해 성인들의 언어(제 2외국어)습득 능력이 현저하게 떨어지는 이유가 궁금하고요, 극복 방안은 어떤 것들이 있는지.....
박성훈님께
Intelligence and other mental attributes are based in the human brain. The
brain is very flexible and is able to make new neural connections when
young, but loses that ability as it ages. Neural connections are the basic
physical manifestations of mental skills and abilities. The more neural
connections, the more active the brain. As people age and the brain's
ability to make new neural connections declines, people begin to slowly
lose the ability to learn new things (not just language, but also driving,
etc.) and begin to lose their memory. This does not mean, however, that old
people cannot learn, it simply means that it may be more difficult for them
than it is for young people. As with any generality, there are exceptions,
for there are many people who have learned new things at a late age.
Because language is very complex, it is difficult to learn once the brain's
ability to make new neural connections weakens. But scientists do not
really know exactly at what point in time this happens. Currently, many
scientists believe that languages are best learned before the age of 12
years in order to achieve close to native-speaker fluency. However, many
people learn languages when they are adults and achieve near-native
fluency, so individual variation is great.
Regarding early language education, most educators believe that it is best
for a child to master his or her mother tongue first, and then start to
learn a second language. This allows a child to master the logic of one
language before tackling the logic of another, and helps to prevent
confusion. Most educators also believe that achieving bilingual ability is
possible only in a bilingual setting, but cannot be accomplished simply by
teaching a child a second language.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
YJY님께
답변 보내드립니다.
<질문>
외국에서 바이어가 와서 대접하던 도중에 식혜에 대한 이야기가 나왔어요.
저 나름대로 영작을 해봤어요 확인 바랍니다.
식혜: a sweet drink made from fermented rice
수정: How to make sikhye, a sweet drink made from fermented rice
1. 밥을 한다.
Boil a rice.
수정: Boil rice.
2. 엿기름 물을 우려내기 위해서 엿기름에 물을 붓는다.
Pouring the water in the 엿기름 to come out the original liquid from the
엿기름
수정: Pour water in the yutgirum, or malt, and leave it standing. The malt
will ooze out into the water, making malt water.
3. 어느 정도 지나서 엿기름이 잘 울어 나왔다고 생각이 들면 , 그 물을 먼저 해 놓은 밥에 붓는다.
After sometime, when we think the 엿기름물 is done, then pure that water
in the boiled rice.
수정: After some time has passed and it appears that the malt water is
sufficiently rich, pour that water onto the boiled rice.
4. 보온 밥통을 이용하거나 혹은 중간에서 약 세기의 불로 위에 언급된 혼합물을 밥알이 삭도록 은근히 끓인다.
Use the thermos pot or boil the above mentioned mixture slowly under the light fire or middle fire to ferment the rice.
수정: Allow the mixture to sit overnight in a rice warmer (remember to plug it
in!) so that it ferments. Alternatively, warm the mixture slowly over a
weak flame.
5. 하루 정도 지난 후에 밥알이 잘 삭으면 이것에 다시 대추 생강을 넣어서 끓인다.
After day, if the rice is fermented well then boil it again with a
jujube and a ginger
수정: After one day, if the rice is well fermented, boil it again with jujubes
(Chinese dates) and ginger.
6. Mr. Wunderli 가 우리를 위해서 많은 배려를 해줬는데 그가 사임했다고 하니 참 아쉽군요.
It is a pity that Mr. wunderli left the office though, he gave us
thoughtful consideration.
수정: It is a pity that Mr. Wunderli has resigned. He was very considerate to us.
7. 이거 참 차가 작아서 죄송합니다. 제 생각에는 이정도면 짐을 싣고 우리 4명이 앉기에 충분할 것이라 생각했어요.
Well, I am sorry for the small car. I thought it would be enough to load
your luggages and take a sit for four of us.
수정: I am sorry the car is so small. I thought it would be big enough to fit
your luggage and seat all four of us.
미국에서 YESusa 드림
I wouldn't know. I don't know 의 차이점과
I wouldn't say that. I didn't say that.의 차이점에 대해서 설명해 주시면 감사하겠습니다.
Dear Jung Si Uk,
"I wouldn't know" means that "I" has no way of knowing. It is often used as a polite way of saying "How can I possibly know that?" It can also be used
as a casual, indirect way of saying "I don't know."
When a person appears to have misunderstood one's words, it is common to say, "I wouldn't say that." or "I didn't mean that." or "That's not what I
meant." and then explain again what one meant. This is a polite way of
saying that the other person may have misunderstood, and is a gentle
expression of disagreement. To say "I didn't say that." or "That's not what
I said." is a much stronger expression, and is used only when the other
person thinks that one said the opposite of what one really said or that
one said something completely different from what one really said.
For example:
A: I'd rather not do that.
B: You mean that you don't want to do anything for me because you don't
like me.
A: I didn't say that. Don't put words into my mouth. I just prefer not to
do this. It has nothing to do with you. And besides, I don't dislike you.
Sincerely,
YESusa
우연히 알게 된 사이트인데 참 유익한 것 같습니다. 많이 들를게요...
혹시 부전자전이란 영어로 무엇입니까??? 가르쳐 주세요.......
Dear songod,
부전자전: like father, like son; a chip off the old block
For example:
He acts just like his father. He's a chip off the old block.
A: The son has the same bad temper as the father.
B: Yes, like father, like son.
Sincerely,
YESusa
안녕하세요. 저는 안양에 사는 이지선이라고 합니다.
영어 편지를 쓰고 있습니다. 도와주세요.
두 분이 독일 출장을 다녀와서 감사 편지를 쓰는 건데요, 편지를 보낼 때, 나머지 한 분의 이름도 함께 넣고 싶습니다. 두 분의 지위는 거의 동등 하고요. 이럴 때 무슨 정해진 형식이 있다고 하던데, 혹시 아시나요?
제가 예전에 어떤 분이 I am on behalf of Mr. Kim.이라고 쓴 것을 보았는데 이것은 아무래도 제가 의도하는 것과는 좀 다른 것 같습니다. 대리한다는 의미가 있는 것 같으니까요.
제가 의도하는 것은 편지 맨 마지막 서명할 때쯤 동등한 위치로 이름을 같이 넣을 때 어떻게 하느냐 입니다.
제 설명이 잘 되었는지 모르겠습니다만, 답변을 기다리겠습니다.
바쁘시더라도 좀 부탁드리겠습니다.
이지선님께
The best solution is to write a joint letter. For the return address and
the signature at the end, use the following format:
Mr. S. Kim, Director
Mr. B. Choi, Manager
If the positions are similar, then place the names in alphabetical order.
Otherwise, place the name of the person with the higher rank first. In the
text of the letter, use the plural "we" as if both people are talking. For
example: We enjoyed our trip very much.
FYI, the English expression you gave is incorrect. The correct expression
is "I am writing/calling on behalf of Mr. Kim." The meaning, as you
surmise, is that "I" is doing something at the request of "Mr. Kim."
미국에서 YESusa 드림
I am so glad my message finally worked. I attached a question. Please answer after going it over. I am one of those embattled by constantly popping questions about English. I'd appreciate it if you help me. Thank you, From Lee, Yeon-Woo.
답장 감사합니다.
한가지 질문 올리겠습니다.
문법문제로서 잘 이해가 안갑니다.
Mr. Santo's assistant _______ more relaxed since promotion.
a) has become b) has been becoming c) becomes d) had become
답은 a로 되어 있는데 왜 b 가 틀린지 모르겠습니다. become도 진행형이 되는 것으로 사전에 나와 있거든요. These constant delays are becoming a bit of a bore. 진행형이 된다면 현재완료진행형도 되지 않겠습니까. 답이 a와 b가 되어야 되는 것 아닌지요 고견 부탁드립니다.
Dear Lee Yeon-Woo,
The "has been + ing" tense is generally not used with the verb become. It is rare that the meaning of "has been becoming" is necessary, because that construction is very awkward and would be used only in very specific cases. The correct answer is a).
Verbs are not always used in all of their possible tenses, because some tenses and some verbs simply do not match well due to the particular meaning or usage of the verb in question. Thus it is usually not safe to assume that because one verb tense is used that another similar verb tense can also be used.
Sincerely,
YESusa
자넷 잭슨이 레이트쇼에서 한 말인데요 콘서트에서 객석의 어느 남자보고 무대에서 같이 춤을 추자고 하니깐 그 사람이 bottom heavy여서 무대에 못 올라왔다 하던데요. 여기서 bottom heavy가 무슨 뜻인가요?
Dear geogirl,
In this case "bottom heavy" means that the person's bottom (a euphemism for
buttocks) was heavy, that is, very large.
Sincerely,
YESusa
영문 소설을 읽다가 아주 헷갈리는 문장이 있어서 이렇게 질문을 드립니다.
"He is six years and ten."
이런 유사한 문장들이 자주 나오는데 공통적으로 "and ten"이 나옵니다. 도대체 6살 10개월이라는 건지, 아니면 16살이라는 건지, 제발 좀 도와주세요. 꼬옥이요.
그럼 몸 건강하시고 하시는 일 모두모두 잘 되시길 바라겠습니다.
Dear Hainsu,
The sentence is most likely to mean that he is 16 years old, because it is
rare for the age to be counted in months unless the child is below the age
of four years. However, if the context warrants, the sentence could mean
that he is six years and 10 months old. Thus in cases like this, context is
very important.
Sincerely,
YESusa
안녕하세요.
교정 부탁 드립니다.
Our puppy, Pogun
A year ago, my daughter began to take an interest in puppies. After reading puppy books and visiting a friend who had a puppy, she wanted one. I objected, since it is cruel that those who vacate home almost every day like us bring up a puppy, reminding her of a veterinarian's advice; even puppies get stress if they are not fully taken care of. However, my husband thought that it might be good to children whose parents work, even though he admits the cruelty. At last, we decided to buy a species which is not too picky to be stressed and bought a Shih-tzu. He was very healthy and cheerful. His name was chosen by majority. It was Pogun (포근) that I proposed. Even though I objected, once living together, (막상 같이 살게 되니) he was so cute that I could not help loving him.
Dear J. Y.,
This piece is very well written, but a few expressions were awkward or did
not flow well. In many sections, the piece read not like something written
by a non-native speaker, but like something written by a native speaker who
does not know how to write well. In other words, your writing is improving!
A few notes:
1. "At last" is used to describe something that is long awaited, not just
something that ultimately occurred.
2. "However" is usually inserted in the middle of sentence at an
appropriate place, not at the very beginning. This is a matter of flow and
style.
3. Long sentences are not always advisable. Try to keep your sentences
medium length and containing just two main thoughts. Also, try to vary
sentence length. This helps to give the writing texture, highlight
important points, and avoid monotony.
4. The proper terms are "majority decision" and "majority vote."
Following is the edited version of your text:
Our Puppy Pogun
A year ago, my daughter began to take an interest in puppies. After reading puppy books and visiting a friend who had a puppy, she wanted one. I objected, since it is cruel for those who leave the home empty almost every day like us to bring up a puppy. And I reminded her of a veterinarian's observation: even puppies get stress if they are not fully taken care of. My husband, however, thought that it might be good for children whose parents work, even though he recognizes the cruelty to the puppy. So in the end we decided to buy a species which is not too picky and therefore not easily stressed, and we bought a Shih-tzu. He was very healthy and cheerful. His name was chosen by majority decision. The name I proposed was Pogun (포근). Even though I had objected, once he started living with us he was so cute that I could not help loving him.
Sincerely,
YESusa
안녕하십니까? 바쁘시겠지만 두 가지 질문을 여쭙겠습니다.
1. 영어 연설문에서는 문어체 대신 구어체를 사용하는 것으로 압니다. 연설문 영어는 다른 특별한 형식이나 문장이 정해져 있습니까?
2. 한국에서는 어떤 행사 ( 배의 진수 등 )시 돼지 머리를 상에 차려서 고사를 지내는 데, 이 것을 영어로 GOSA: KOREAN TRADITIONAL BLESSING로 번역해도 좋습니까? (영어 단어에 없는 한국의 전통적인 단어는 어떻게 표현합니까?)
감사합니다.
Dear D.H. Son,
1. The difference between writing a letter and giving a speech has more to do
with rhythm than with whether or not the words come from the Latin. A
speech must be easy to comprehend when heard just once, and this generally
means shorter sentences. It should also be powerful, and this generally
means that a speech should have a certain cadence or rhythm appropriate to
its meaning, similar to the way that a song has a melody. One of America's
most powerful orators was Martin Luther King, Jr., for his speeches had a
lyrical, powerful cadence that pulled listeners into his vision.
2. Yes, the translation you give is appropriate. In general, translating such
Korean terms into English is done precisely the way you did it: transliterate the Korean term into Roman letters, and then use a short descriptive phrase.
Sincerely,
YESusa
안녕하세요! 한국에서 굿모닝팝스라는 방송을 듣는 사람들끼리 모인 동호회
를 운영하는 조남주라고 합니다. 쿠쿠~ 이건 그동안 제가 저희 가족들에게~
답변을 못해 준건데! 이렇게 질문을 드려도 괜찮을런지? 부탁드립니다!
항상 행복하세요~! 한국은 요즘 아주~ 화창하답니다! 꽃들도 만발하고~!!
[질문 1] 안녕하세요..인사를 할 때.. Hi there! 이라고 하면.. 어떤 뉘앙스를 가지나요... 아무한테나... 쓸 수 있는지..
[질문 2] 영화 속의 주인공은 어떻게 말하죠?
Dear hmegmp,
1. "Hi there" is a very casual greeting that can be used only among peers or by elders to young people. It is similar to the greeting "안녕!" in Korean.
2. 영화 속의 주인공: the lead character in a movie, someone in a movie
For example:
He always acts like someone in a movie. He has no sense of reality.
You're a real person, not the lead in a movie, so just act yourself.
Sincerely,
YESusa
안녕하세요.. 또 질문이 있어서요.. 아래의 글을 보게 되었는데요..
A check was once returned to a millionaire from a back. It bore a stamped imprint; "Insufficient Funds". Beneath the stamped imprint was notation from the back in ink. It >>>was appeared<<< to read, " Not you - us!"
1. 밑줄 친 곳이 틀린 곳이래요. appear가 자동사이기 때문? 수동태는 안된다고 써있던데요. 그럼 올바르게 고치면 " It appeared to read. 인가요?
2. "maple surple"는 뭔가요" surple란 단어는 사전에 없던데..
3. 미국도 학교 급식하나요? 아님 도시락 가지고 다니나요?
오늘도 즐거운 하루 되세요.. 답장 기다리겠습니다.
Dear newone74,
1. The sentence in question should read "It appeared to read, ..." The use of
"appeared to" indicates a small amount of uncertainty.
2. The term could be either "maple sugar" or "maple syrup." There is no such
word as "surple," but the writer may have deliberately made up the word to
mean something specific to the context.
3. Most American schools have cafeterias where lunch can be bought. Whether a
student buys lunch or brings a sack lunch is up to the student's family.
Sincerely,
YESusa
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